Shanghai Shinjo Valve Co.,Ltd.

Self-acting temperature control system constructions(2022年03月22日)

shinjovalve — 2022-03-22T15:20:50+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/self-acting-temperature-control-valve-work-system-constructions.html

Self-acting temperature control system constructions
The required temperature for the system in Picture 7.2.1 is adjusted at the sensor. It is the most standard type of self-acting temperature control construction, and most other self-acting control designs are derived from it.
Self-acting temperature control adjustment at sensor
Picture 7.2.2 showcase a design which is adjusted at the actuator end of the system. It is worth noting that this system is limited to 1” (DN25) temperature control valves. This construction is useful where the control valve position is more accessible than the sensor position.
Self-acting temperature control adjustment at actuator
Picture 7.2.3 depicts a third construction which is similar to the one in Picture 7.2.1 however where the adjustment is located between the sensor and the temperature control valve actuation. This type of system is what we called a remote adjustment, and is useful when either the control valve or the sensor, or both, are likely to be inaccessible once the control valve has been installed.
Self-acting temperature control valve remote adjustment
Capillaries

It should be noted that capillaries of 10 meters or more in length may slightly affect the accuracy of the control. This is because a larger amount of capillary fluid is subjected to ambient temperature.
When the ambient temperature changes a lot, it can affect the temperature setting. If long lengths of the capillary are run outside, it is recommended they are lagged to minimize this effect.

Pockets

Pockets (sometimes called thermowells) can be fitted into pipework or vessels. These enable the sensor to be removed easily from the controlled medium without the need to drain the system. Pockets will tend to slow the response of the system and, where the heat load can change quickly, should be filled with an appropriate conducting medium to increase the heat transfer to the sensor. Pockets fitted to systems that have relatively steady or slow-changing load conditions do not usually need a conducting medium. Pockets are available in mild steel, copper, brass or stainless steel. Long pockets of up to 1 meter in length are available for special applications and in glass for corrosive applications. However, these longer pockets are only suitable for use where the adjustment head is not fitted at the sensor end.

Enhancements for self-acting temperature control systems
Overheat protection by a high limit cut-out device

A separate overheat protection system, as shown in Picture 7.2.4, is available to comply with local health and safety regulations or to prevent product spoilage. The purpose of the high limit cut-out device is to shut off the flow of the heating medium in the pipe, thereby preventing overheating of the process. It was originally developed to prevent overheating in domestic hot water services (DHWS) which supply general purpose hot water users, such as hospitals, prisons and schools.However, it is also used for industrial process applications.
High Limit cut-out unit with fail-safe control system
The system is driven by a self-acting control system, which releases a compressed spring in the high limit cut-out unit and snaps the isolating valve shut if the pre-set high limit temperature is exceeded.

The fail-safe actuator unit does not drive the control valve directly, but a shuttle mechanism in the high limit cut-out unit instead. When the temperature is below the set point, the mechanism lies dormant. A certain amount of shuttle travel is allowed for in either direction, to avoid spurious activation of the system.

However, when the system temperature rises above the adjustable high limit temperature, the actuator drives the shuttle, displacing the trigger, which then releases the spring in the high limit cut-out unit. This causes the control valve to snap shut. Once the fault has been rectified, and after the system has cooled below the set temperature, the high limit cut-out can be manually reset, using a small lever. The system can also be connected to an alarm system via an optional microswitch.

The high limit system also has a fail-safe facility. If the capillary is damaged and loses fluid, a spring beyond the shuttle is released, pushing it the other way. This will also activate the cut-out and shut the control valve.

The trigger temperature can be adjusted between 0 ° C and 100 ° C. The fail-safe actuator unit shown in Picture 7.2.5 is only suitable for use with a high limit cut-out unit. The systems shown in Pictures 7.2.1, 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 can also be used with the cut-out unit but they will not fail-safe. Picture 7.2.5 shows the high limit cut-out unit attached to a separate valve to the temperature control valve. This is preferable because the high limit valve remains fully open during normal operation and is less likely to harbor dirt under the valve seat. The high limit valve should be line size to reduce pressure drop in normal use, and should be fitted upstream of the self-acting (or other) control valve and as close to it as possible.

Typical arrangment showing a High Limit cut-out on DHWS heat exchanger

For heating applications, the high limit valve must be fitted in series with the temperature control valve, as shown in Picture 7.2.5. However, in cooling applications, the temperature control valve and high limit valve will both be of the normally-open type and must be fitted in parallel with each other, not in series.

The following valves can be used with the high limit system:
Two-port valves, normally open for heating systems.
Two-port valves, normally closed for cooling systems.
Three-port valves.
Valves having a ball-shaped plug cannot be used with the cut-out unit. This is because the closing operation could drive the ball into the seat and damage the valve.
Also, a double-seated valve should not be used with this system because it does not have tight shut-off.

Typical environments and applications
Environments suitable for self-acting temperature controls:
Any environment where the sophistication of electrical and pneumatic controls is not required. Especially suited to dirty and hazardous areas.
Areas remote from any power source.
For the accurate control of storage or constant load applications, or for variable load applications where high accuracy is not required.
Industries using self-acting temperature controls:

Foods
Milling, heater battery temperature control (non-hazardous).
Abattoirs - washing down etc.
Manufacture of oils and fats - storage tank heating.
Industrial
Metal plating - tank heating.
Tank farms - heating.
Refineries.
Industrial washing.
Steam and condensate systems.
Laundries.
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
Domestic hot water and heating services in nursing homes, hospitals, leisure centres and schools,prisons and in horticulture for frost protection.
The most commonly encountered applications for self-acting temperature controls:

Boiler houses
Boiler feedwater conditioning or direct steam injection heating to boiler feedtank.
Stand-by generator cooling systems.
Non-storage calorifiers
2-port temperature control and overheat protection, (steam or water).
3-port temperature control and overheat protection (water only).
2-port time / temperature control (steam only).
Storage calorifiers
2-port temperature or time/temperature control and overheat protection (steam or water).
3-port control and overheat protection (water only).
Injection (or bleed-in) systems
2-port or 3-port injection system.
Heating systems
Basic mixing valve and compensating control.
Zoned compensating controls.
Basic compensator plus internal zone controls.
Control of overhead radiant strip or radiant panels.
Warm air systems
Heater battery control via room sensor, air-off sensor or return air sensor.
Compensating control on air-input unit.
Low limit and high limit control.
Frost protection to a heater battery.
Fuel oil control
Bulk tank heating coil control.
Control of line heaters.
Control of steam tracer lines.
Process control
Acid pickling tank.
Plating vat.
Process liquor boiling tank.
Brewing plant detergent tank.
Drying equipment, for example, laundry cabinet or wool hank dryer, chemical plant drying stove for powder and cake, tannery plant drying oven.
Continuous or batch process reaction pan.
Food industry jacketed pan.
Cooling applications
Diesel engine cooling.
Rotary vane compressor oil cooler control.
Hydraulic and lubricating oil coolers.
Cooling control on cold water to single-stage compressor.
Closed circuit compressor cooling control.
Air aftercooler control.
Air cooler battery control.
Jacketed vessel water cooling control.
Degreaser cooling water control.
Special applications
Control for reducing fireside corrosion and thermal stress in LTHW boilers.
Hot water cylinder control.
Temperature limiting.
Applications for the high limit safeguard system
Preventing temperature overrun on hot water services, or heating calorifiers, in accordance with many Health and Safety Regulations. Good examples include prisons, hospitals and schools. An optional BMS/EMS interface to flag high temperature trip is available.

ISO 5211 Mounting Pad Flange Dimensions(2022年03月22日)

shinjovalve — 2022-03-22T15:10:10+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/iso-5211-mounting-pad-flange-dimensions.html

The ISO 5211 mounting pad accepts direct mounting of pneumatic and electric actuators. Commonly ball valve and butterfly valves are now standard with an ISO mounting interface. This simply means that you can mount the actuator directly to the valve without a bracket and drive dog. This saves time, hassle and money. The below shows the dimensions for ISO5211.

Type of pumps that can be used in oil and gas applications(2022年03月22日)

shinjovalve — 2022-03-22T15:09:10+0900

https://www.shinjopump.com/news/type-of-pumps-that-can-be-used-in-oil-and-gas-applications.html

Pump is easy to find in everyday life. many activities need this equipment. a pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. when comes to oil and gas applications, below are type of pumps that can suit with it.
Oil Transfer

Centrifugal Pump
The most common type of slurry pump found in the oil and gas industry is surely the centrifugal pump. Centrifugal pumps include one or more impellers that transfer medium by rotation and draw medium into the suction end of the pump and then, through centrifugal power, force it out of the discharge end. This design let the pumps to be used for huge range of applications and are preferred for processes that handle low viscosity medium and high capacity. Centrifugal pumps can also deal with dirty medium or medium with low viscosity as long as they do not contain air, vapors, or a heavy amount of solids.

Centrifugal pumps are used in the upstream oil and gas industry as part of the tri-phase or multiphase pumping applications. These pumps serve a wide variety of applications with many types such as electric submersible pumps, which are used as a water and oil separator in which water can be re-injected into a reservoir without lifting it to the ground surface. They can transport a significant amount of low viscosity liquids in a short period time and can pump several hundred gallons of liquid per minute if the product is compatible.

Oil Pump
A standard oil pump mechanically lifts liquid out of an oil well when there is lack of ground pressure to force the oil onto the surface. Oil pumps are used in onshore areas where oil is abundant, but the ground needs help releasing it. These pumps can transfer one to ten gallons of fuel with every stroke depending on the depth and the weight of the oil. Deeper extractions require more massive pumps to move the oil through a vertical discharge column (discharge head). A motor that drives the vertical motion to drive the pump shaft powers the pumps. The industry term for this movement is known as a ‘walking beam.’

Diaphragm Pump
A diaphragm pump is a type of positive displacement pump that uses both a valve and a diaphragm to draw oil and gas into a refinery chamber during the upstream and midstream phase of oil refinement. When the volume of a chamber increases, the pressure in the chamber reduces, and the fluid pours into the chamber. The diaphragm then moves down and forces the liquid out. Once the fluid has cleared the chamber, the diaphragm moves back into position, allowing more fluid to enter. This cycle continues while the pump is operating.

Because of its unique design, diaphragm pumps can transport large volumes of meidum and are ideal for refineries that are located over sizable oil sources. Diaphragm pumps are also very wear-resistant than positive displacement pumps because they have fewer moving parts or friction points that wear down the components. However, diaphragm pumps do suffer from ‘winks’ – small gaps in the process that can slow down the flow of fluid. Winks and low pressure are likely to occur over long distances.

Oil Transfer Pump
An oil transfer pump is applied for moving glycol from a well to a holding tank during the midstream and downstream phases of oil refinement. Due to the high volume of activity that an oil pump engages in, they require extensive maintenance and repairs to continue working correctly. Transfer pumps create a variation in pressure that pushes fluid from one location to another. Industrial-scale slurry pumps can operate on electric, solar, hydraulic, or gas power. Oil companies use transfer pumps to move flammable or corrosive liquids like oil, gas, or chemicals. These types of pumps are secure to use for these situations because the components are manufactured with corrosion-resistant metals that hold up well in hazardous environmental conditions.

Petrochemical Pump
Petroleum products move from the upstream sector into the midstream sector of the petrochemical industry. The midstream sector transports and stores natural gas and crude oils. This is where the petrochemical pump comes in. Companies use these types of pumps to process or refine chemicals during crude oil drilling and refining. Petrochemical pumps can be piston pumps, diaphragm pumps, mag drive pumps, or another type of process pump or chemical pump.
Petrochemical pumps can operate at high capacity of flow and pressure within a refinery system. One of the good sides of petrochemical pumps is that they prevent leaks; so, they prevent hazardous environmental conditions. The similar design of the petrochemical pump, ease of use, and compactness give it the durability it needs to keep up with the demands of oil drilling. On the downside, petrochemical pumps can succumb to overheating, cavitations, and internal corrosion. Viscous, toxic, and corrosive fluids can also wear down the impellers over time.

In conclusion
Whether used during the upstream, midstream, or downstream phase, pumps give gas, oil, and other medium enough energy to flow from one place to another. Centrifugal, oil, positive displacement, oil transfer, diaphragm, and petrochemical pumps are essential in delivering oil from the ground to a tanker, then to a refinery, and then on to storage. They are also good for methanol injection, glycol pumping, chemical processing, gas sweetening, and water disposal. Pumps offer an efficient solution for transporting chemicals. Each type of pump explained above is integrated into a refining system for a specific purpose and are crucial in transporting or purifying different fluids.

High Pressure Electric Actuated Ball Valve, 16.0~50.0MPa(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:59:39+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/high-pressure-electric-actuated-ball-valve-160500mpa.html

High Pressure Electric Actuated Ball Valve
Nominal diameter: DN6-50mm;
Nominal pressure: 16.0MPa~50.0MPa;
Body material: 316L, 316, 304, etc.;
Sealing material: PTFE, high pressure nylon;
Control mode: switch type, intelligent adjustment type;

The high pressure electric actuated ball valve is composed of a welding forged steel high pressure ball valve and an electric actuator. The general pressure of high pressure electric ball valve is 16MPa~50MPa, which can be used for on/off control of high-pressure water, pressurized natural gas, hydraulic oil and other medium.

The electric high pressure ball valve is especially suitable for hydraulic station,gas station, heat transfer oil, liquefied gas, oil pipe and on/off regulation of the medium on high pressure occasions. High pressure electric ball valves are both pressure-resistant and resistant to high temperatures and abrasions,making them one of the most popular ball valves in modern industrial pipes.

Fully Welded Ball Valve, Stem Explosion-Proof(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:58:04+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/fully-welded-ball-valve-stem-explosion-proof-.html

Fully Welded Ball Valve

Q61F fullly welded ball valve, there will be no external leakage. Processing of the ball valve has advanced computer detector tracking test, so the ball machining precision is high.

As the valve material is same as pipe material, there will be no stress uneven nor deformation when earthquake or vibration caused by the vehicle passing through. Ball valve seal ring adopts RPTFE with 25% carbon, to ensure complete no leakage.

Full weld ball valve can be buried directly underground, full weld ball valve do not need to build large valve wells, simply set up small shallow wells on the ground, greatly saving construction costs and engineering time. According to the pipeline construction and design requirements, ball valve body length and stem height can be adjusted.

Four-Way Ball Valves, 1/2~20 inch(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:53:51+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/four-way-ball-valves-1220-inch.html

Four-Way Ball Valves

Features

Floating 4 Way

Trunnion Mounted Four Way
Trunnion Mounted Four Way

Size: 1/2"~20"
Class: 150 / 300 Lb
Two-Piece & Multi-piece Cast Body
Floating and Trunnion Mounted Ball, Full Bore
Anti-Static Device
Blow-out Proof Stem
Fire Safe Design
Emergency Sealant Injector

Forged Steel Trunnion Mounted Ball Valves, Class 150LB-2500LB(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:50:51+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/forged-steel-trunnion-mounted-ball-valves-class-150lb-2500lb.html

Forged Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel Trunnion Mounted Ball Valves

Ball valve is a kind of quarter-turn valve which utilizes a hollow, perforated and pivoting ball (known as a "ball") to manage flow through it. It's open once the ball's hole is using the flow and closed when the ball valve’s pivoted 90-levels through the valve handle. The handle lies flat in alignment using the flow when open, and it is verticle with respect into it when closed, creating easy visual confirmation from the valve's status.

Forged Steel Floating Ball Valves, Full / Reduced Bore(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:49:52+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/forged-steel-floating-ball-valves-full-reduced-bore.html

Forged Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel Floating Ball Valves

Forged Steel Trunnion Mounted Ball Valves, F304, F316, LF2(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:49:12+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/forged-steel-trunnion-mounted-ball-valves-f304-f316-lf2.html

Forged Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel Trunnion Mounted Ball Valves

Structure of Forged Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel Trunnion Mounted Ball Valves

Performance

Size: 2"~40"

Class: 150~2500 Lbs

Three Pieces Forged Steel Body

Trunnion Mounted Ball,

Full & Reduced Bore

Anti-Static Device

Blow-out Proof Stem

Double Block and Bleed

Fire Safe Design

Vent Valve, drain valve

Lifting Lugs & Supporting Feet (8"& Larger)

Materials

Flanged 3 Way Ball Valve, PTFE RTPFE PEEK PPL Seated(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:48:25+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/flanged-3-way-ball-valve-ptfe-rtpfe-peek-ppl-seated.html

Flanged 3 Way Ball Valve

Size: 1/2"~8"

Class: 150 / 300 Lb

Two-Piece Cast Body

Floating Ball, Full Bore

Anti-Static Device

Blow-out Proof Stem

Fire Safe Design

Emergency Sealant Injector

Explosion Proof Actuated 3 Way Ball Valve, ExdII BT4, ExdII CT4, ExdII CT6(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:47:39+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/explosion-proof-actuated-3-way-ball-valve-exdii-bt4-exdii-ct4-exdii-ct6.html

Explosion Proof Electric Actuated 3 Way Ball Valve Flanged

This explosion proof electric 3 way ball valve is composed of an explosion-proof electric actuator and a three-way ball valve. It is a rotary type shut-off and regulating valve. Electrical actuated 3 way ball valve can be L-port and T-port.The 3 way explosion proof electric ball valve can realize the switching of the flow direction of the medium in the pipeline. It is also possible to connect or close two channels that are perpendicular to each other.

Principle and Application of Explosion Proof Electric Actuated 3 Way Ball Valve:

The L-port electrical actuated 3 way ball valve is suitable for switching the flow direction of the medium, and can connect two channels perpendicular to each other. The T-port 3 way explosion proof electric ball valve is suitable for the diversion,convergence or flow direction switching of the medium.

Electric Wafer Ball Valve, Signals 4-20mAC, 1-5VDC(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:46:50+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/electric-wafer-ball-valve-signals-4-20mac-1-5vdc.html

Electric Wafer Ball Valve

Electric wafer ball valve is the execution unit in the electric unit combination instruments.Wafer ball valve with electric actuator can achieve proportional control and receive on/off or 4-20mAC or 1-5VDC signals for proportional action.The valve ball has a v-shaped slit, which is rotated relative to the hard seal valve to generate shearing force, which can cut the fiber and prevent jamming.Electric wafer ball valve is especially suitable for the regulation of mud and fibrous medium, as well as medium containing fine solid suspensions.

The excellent adjustment performance of the electric v-notch ball valve makes the product widely used in high-precision control of various industrial fields such as petrochemical, fine chemical, paper-making, metallurgy, waste water treatment, boiler feed water. It realizes medium flow regulation and cut-off in the pipeline.

Motorized Actuator Ball Valve, AC110, 220, 380V / DC24, 220V(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:46:20+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/motorized-actuator-ball-valve-ac110-220-380v-dc24-220v.html

Motorized ball valve could be fully closed and fully opened up by only rotating 90°.Based on the classification from the application, the electrical operated ball valve could be classified by on off function ball valve and regulating fuction ball valve. It has the benefits of simple connection,compact structure,small size,lightweight,small resistance, stable and reliable operation and so forth.

Working principle of motorized ball valve: the two inch electric ball valve is operated by DC24V, AC220V or AC380V power current, and directly receives the unified standard signal (4-20mA Electricity,-10mA Electricity or 1-5V Electricity,-10V Electricity),that is changed into the displacement akin to the input signal.The angular displacement ( to 90°) moves to alter the rotational opening from the valve ball, so a particular input signal matches a particular position opening degree, and also the proportional adjustment action is recognized.

Electric Actuated Flange Ball Valve, O Ball type(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:45:15+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/stainless-steel-electric-actuated-3-way-flanged-ball-valve.html

Electric Actuated Flange Ball Valve

The explosion proof electric ball valve is principally made up of a surge-proof actuator along with a ball valve. It's a ball valve with explosion proof electric actuator specifically created for use within flammable and explosive conditions.The electrical components around the electric actuated ball valve explosion proof are needed to become fireproof and anti-static, and all sorts of satisfy the explosion-proof standards. It may input the appropriate power signal to manage the valve frequent lowering and raising, input 4-20mA signal and 220V power to manage the whole process of the ball valve for proportional regulation.It's internal servo operation and opening signal position feedback, position indication, manual operation, simple connection along with other functions.

Corrosion Resistant PFA PTFE Lined Electric Ball Valve, DN15-DN350(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:30:39+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/corrosion-resistant-pfa-ptfe-lined-electric-ball-valve-dn15-dn350.html

Corrosion Resistant PFA PTFE Electric Lined Ball Valve

The electrical lined ball valve consists of an electrical actuator along with a fluorine-lined ball valve.The PFA PTFE electric lined ball valve has reliable corrosion resistance and sealing performance,since the inner wall of ball valve and valve trim are lined with corrosion-resistant and aging-resistant fluorine material through high-pressure injection molding process.The electrical actuator of lined ball valve can offer sufficient torque to make sure reliable frequent lowering and raising from the valve, and also the clutch could be instantly reset when power sheds. The built-in valve position feedback device enables the transmission and handheld remote control from the valve position signal.

The electrical lined ball valve may be used in almost any power of corrosive pipeline for any lengthy time within the plethora of -50 °C ~ 180 °C.Fluorine-lined electric ball valves are specifically created for the open and shut charge of various corrosive medium. They're broadly utilized in the transportation of fluids and gases (including steam) in various industrial pipes, especially individuals with severe corrosive medium, for example: sulfuric acidity, hydrofluoric acidity, phosphoric acidity, swimming pool water, strong alkali, aqua regia along with other highly corrosive medium.

Threaded Ends Floating Ball Valves, 1000 Psi / WOG(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:30:06+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/threaded-ends-floating-ball-valves-1000-psi-wog.html

Cast Steel Floating Ball Valves

Standard 1000 Psi / WOG-Two Piece-PTFE Seated-Cast-Floating

1PC Ball Valve Hexagon Type, ASME B16.34(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:29:25+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/1pc-ball-valve-hexagon-type-asme-b1634.html

1PC Ball Valve Hexagon Type, ASME B16.34

Three Piece ( 3 PC ) Forged Ball Valves, Class 800 / 1500 / 2500 Lb(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:25:58+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/three-piece-3-pc-forged-ball-valves-class-800-1500-2500-lb.html

Three Piece (3 PC) Forged Ball Valves

ANSI / ASME Pressure Class 800 / 1500 / 2500 Lbs-Forged Steel A105
Three Picece-3 PC-Threaded, Socket Welded & Butt Welded Ends

3 Way Threaded Ends Pneumatic Ball Valve, L / T Port(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:25:11+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/3-way-threaded-ends-pneumatic-ball-valve-l-t-port.html

3 Way Threaded ends Pneumatic Ball Valve L & T Port

The Three way pneumatic ball valve is split into L port pneumatic 3 way ball valve and T port pneumatic actuated 3 way ball valve. Pneumatic L port 3 way ball valve can be used for that direction switch of medium flow, enabling two channels which are vertical to one another connect. The T port type can be used for diversion, convergence and flow direction switch of medium. It's broadly utilized in supply of water, petrochemical, metallurgy, mining, textile, energy, papermaking, food, steel along with other pipeline systems to change the flow direction from the medium and also to divert or converge.

3 Way Electric Ball Valve Female Threaded, FNPT Ends(2021年12月06日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-06T18:24:35+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/products/3-way-electric-ball-valve-female-threaded-fnpt-ends.html

3 Way Electric Ball Valve Female Threaded

Electric 3 way ball valve is divided into L-port 3 way electric ball valve and T-port 3 way ball valve electric.The electric L-port 3 way ball valve is used to switch the flow direction of the medium, which can connect two channels perpendicular to each other.The T-port 3 way electric ball valve is used for diverting & mixing of medium and flow direction switching.

3 way electric ball valves are widely used to switch the flow direction of the medium and to divert or mix the medium in water supply,petrochemical,metallurgy,mining,textile,energy, paper,food,steel and other pipeline systems.

Technical Parameters of Electric 3 Way Ball Valve:

What Is The Differences Between Self-Priming Pump And Centrifugal Pump？(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:30:06+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/what-is-the-differences-between-self-priming-pump-and-centrifugal-pump.html

Meaning of a Centrifugal Pump

The word "self-priming pump" describes a centrifugal pump that may make use of an air-water mixture to achieve a completely-primed pumping condition.

First, let us define a centrifugal pump:

A centrifugal pump is any pump that utilizes centrifugal pressure to produce a pressure differential inside a fluid, thus leading to pumping action.

The simplest way to visualise this course of action would be to imagine the consequence of vehicle tire flicking water off a wet road. The pumping action isn't from the "scooping" action through the vanes (the blade-like wings) around the impeller, but instead in the centrifugal pressure

Impeller Rotating Counter Clockwise

Standard (non-self-priming) centrifugal pumps are available in many different kinds. Once they work on flooded suction lines or perhaps in submersible applications, the impeller is encircled by enough water to produce pressure differential and therefore to function water.

Air may be the primary enemy of the standard (non-self-priming) centrifugal pump. Once the standard centrifugal pump encounters air, it may become air-bound. It's more difficult to function air rather than pump water, then when the environment "binds" the pump, the pump can't pressure water out.

When everything's working right, a typical (non-self-priming) centrifugal pump works such as this:

Centrifugal Pump Works A

When air will get right into a standard (non-self-priming) centrifugal pump, the pump becomes air-bound, such as this:

Centrifugal Pump Works B

If this air-binding happens, the pump is stuck. It will not operate before the air can be taken off in some manner.

So, you may ask, why aren't these pumps made to pump air in addition to water? The reply is that water and air have different qualities. You would not make use of a ceiling fan instead of a onboard motor inside a fishing-boat, exactly like you wouldn't make use of a sump pump to operate your ac. Water is a lot more dense than air, therefore the blades accustomed to move air could be much flimsier but need to move considerably faster. To maneuver water, the blades need to be much sturdier, however they can move a lot more gradually. The propeller blades on the cruiseship turn around 100 Revoltions per minute, while a jet turbofan engine turns at 10,000 Revoltions per minute or even more.

What's Different In regards to a Self-Priming Pump?

A "self-priming" centrifugal pump overcomes the issue of air binding by mixing air with water to produce a fluid with pumping qualities similar to individuals of standard water. The pump then will get eliminate the environment and moves water only, as being a standard centrifugal pump.

You should realize that self-priming pumps cannot operate without water within the casing.

Here's how it operates:

Throughout the priming cycle, air enters the pump and mixes with water in the impeller. Water and air are discharged together by centrifugal action from the impeller in to the water reservoir. The environment naturally has a tendency to rise, as the water has a tendency to sink.

Self-priming Pump Works A

Air-free water, now heavier than air-laden water, flows by gravity back lower in to the impeller chamber, prepared to mix with increased air arriving the suction line. Once all air continues to be evacuated along with a vacuum produced within the suction line, atmospheric pressure forces water up in to the suction line for the impeller, and pumping begins.

Self-priming Pump Works B

Recirculation water inside the pump stops when pumping begins. Next time the pump is began, it'll "self-prime" -- that's, it can once more mix water and air within the casing to produce a pumpable fluid before the pump is fully primed again.

Self-priming Pump Works C

This kind of pump is different from a typical centrifugal pump for the reason that it features a water reservoir included in the system allowing it to rid pump and suction type of air by recirculating water inside the pump on priming cycle. This water reservoir might be over the impeller or while watching impeller. Either in situation, the "self-priming" capacity from the pump originates from the pump's capability to retain water after the initial prime.

So Can One Just Begin a Self-Priming Pump Whenever, Even When It's Dry Inside?

No. A self-priming centrifugal pump should have water within the casing to be able to operate. You can't pull any self-priming pump away from the box, switch it on, and expect it to function. Whether it's filled with air, it will not prime. "Self-priming" refers back to the pump's capability to frequently turn an auraOrdrinking water mixture right into a pumpable fluid -- NOT the opportunity to produce a vacuum (literally) from nothing. Actually, you shouldn't attempt to operate a self-priming pump without water within the casing. It's harmful and can frequently result in seal failure.

Click Here To Learn More About Our Self-priming Pump Products Ranges

Differences Between Full Port Ball Valves VS Reduced Port Ball Valves(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:28:00+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/differences-between-full-port-ball-valves-vs-reduced-port-ball-valves.html

Summary: The flow path via a full port valve body is identical size because the flow entering the valve and departing it via its tube or pipe connections. Reduced Port valves have smaller sized physiques overall having a corresponding narrowing within the valve body.

Introduction

Questions regarding the variations between full port or full bore valves and standard valves show up pretty regularly for all of us. I will attempt to answer a number of them within this publish. I have incorporated some related information by means of a brief FAQ list. These FAQs will help with a few of the intricacies and vocabulary. My intention is to supply a description from the variations between full port and reduced port ball valves and an introduction to ball valve type miniature valves.

What is a ball valve?

Generally, valves are devices accustomed to control the flow of the gases or fluids via a closed tube or pipe system. Flow via a valve could be relatively unobstructed when it's completely open. Flow stops once the valve is totally closed.

A ball valve includes a valve body having a rotatable ball inside it. This ball or sphere includes a hole or bore through its center. The handle on the ball valve opens the valve if this turns the ball to align using the pipe or tube that it is pointing exactly the same direction because the pipe. This enables flow to feed it. The valve handle may also turn the ball so the bore reaches the right position or 90 levels towards the flow. This closes the ball valve.

Find out more about full port ball valves

Ball valves are tough, durable and reliable. They close safely despite lengthy periods of not in use. These characteristics make sure they are a great option for shutoff and control applications. Ball valves are not able to supply fine flow control or throttling. Gate, globe or needle valves tend to be more suitable for these situations.

What is a full port or full bore ball valve?

A straight flow path

Little or no resistance to deal with flow

The flow path with the valve doesn't become narrower inside

The interior diameter from the pipe entering a complete bore valve is identical diameter because the flow path with the valve body and out through sleep issues from the valve. Most full bore valves are a couple of-way, quarter-turn ball valves.

What is a reduced port or reduced bore ball valve?

A straight flow path

Flow restriction creates a pressure drop

The flow path with the valve becomes narrower inside

A reduced bore valve body is one of the same diameter because the pipe or tube entering and exiting it. The significant area of the valve may be the ball within the valve body. Because the working area of the valve fits within the valve body, the bore with the valve ball is smaller sized compared to diameter from the valve’s connecting pipe or tube.

Listed here are some FAQs associated with valve basics, ball valves and selection tips

What are valve ports?

The ports of the valve are usually thought as the connections that carry the flow from the liquid or gas in to the valve and from it.

Exactly what is a two-way valve?

A Couple-way valve is any kind of valve with two ports or openings. The openings are often known as the inlet and outlet ports correspondingly. Two-way valves can be used for fundamental off or on applications however they may also be used for additional complex flow control. Ball valves are a kind of two-way valve.

Why are most of the ball valves the reduced port or standard bore type?

More compact design

Simpler and fewer costly to create

The main reason most ball valves use reduced bores is this fact design is comparatively compact. It's not unusual for space limitations to become a factor when selecting a valve. Standard bore valves also require less material to help make the valve body. Greater material and manufacturing costs could be significant once the body materials is one thing like stainless or Hastelloy.

What is a quarter-turn valve?

Ball valves are frequently known as quarter-turn valves

One fourth turn from the valve handle is sufficient to fully open or fully close one fourth-turn valve

Multi-turn valves require multiple turns from the handle to completely open or close the valve. Spigots around the outdoors of homes are among a multi-turn valve.

How come ball valves used so broadly?

Quick to open and shut

Obtainable in multi-port designs

Smaller sized and lighter than gate valves

Appropriate for neat and silty flow

They offer bubble-tight flow turn off

The range of ball valve designs and materials provides selection versatility

Able to reliable service both in high-pressure and-temperature applications

The pressure required to close ball valves is under for same sized gate or globe valves

Ball valves aren't perfect for controlling flow. It is because ball valves make use of a relatively soft ring-formed valve seat to produce a tight seal. When they're partly open, pressure is used to simply part of the valve seat. This could make the valve seat to warp and lower being able to give a good seal causing it to leak.

One more reason ball valves aren't great for controlling flow is they create turbulence and possible cavitation when used by doing this. Turbulence and cavitation reduce flow rates, increase noise and vibration and may even damage valves and piping.

What's flow turbulence?

Pressure difference across a valve may cause turbulent or irregular flow around the downstream side from the valve.

System conditions and valve design can increase or reduce turbulent flow. Generally, there'll always be some turbulent flow around the downstream finish of the reduced bore ball valve, especially when it's just opening and merely closing.

What's cavitation?

Flow results in a pressure difference across a valve. Rapid pressure drop across a valve may cause cavitation. Cavitation may be the rapid formation and collapse of vapor bubbles inside a liquid. At these times, the collapse of those small vapor bubbles could erode the valve and pipe material around them.

Pressure difference across a valve is larger for any reduced bore ball valve than for any full bore valve. Full bore ball valves generally have little or otherwise pressure difference over the valve.

What's valve bore size?

Valve bore size may be the size from the hole with the ball, the significant a part of a ball valve. The web site standard along with a full bore ball valve is proportional towards the size from the ball and it is bore. Full port bore sizes overlap with the interior diameters of both valve ports and also the pipe used. Reduced Port bore size is all about identical to the next smaller sized pipe size.

A good example to make this clearer

The bore inside a 3/4-inch size full bore ball valve is 3/4-inch across. The bore inside a 3/4-inch size reduced bore ball valve is 1/2-inch. It is because the balls in reduced bore valves are sized compared for their valve physiques and bore sizes. Used, this will make the bore diameter of the standard 3/4-inch ball valve about identical to the inner diameter of just oneOr2-inch pipe, the following smaller sized pipe size.

What's throughput and how is it associated with flow?

Fluids and gases flow readily in one spot to another with relatively low pressure. Calculating the flow of gases is a touch trickier than calculating liquid flow because gases could be compressed. Generally, though, the flow or throughput of the product is the level of fluid or gas that may go through it inside a given period of time.

What's flow coefficient (CV)?

The flow coefficient or CV is really a way of measuring the potential to deal with flow associated with a given a part of a fluid system. It's accustomed to calculate the size of straight pipe comparable to the flow resistance produced by an elbow or valve or other ingredient that affects the flow due to friction, turbulence or flow restriction.

A higher flow coefficient means a minimal potential to deal with flow along with a low flow coefficient means high potential to deal with flow.

A complete bore ball valve includes a low flow resistance (high flow coefficient), comparable like a straight bit of pipe. What this means is a complete bore ball valve causes hardly any pressure drop over the valve. The flow path via a reduced bore ball valve is narrower having a greater potential to deal with flow (lower flow coefficient). This potential to deal with flow leads to a bigger pressure drop over the valve.

Japan Standard Flange Dimensions, JIS 2K/5K/10K/16K/20K/30K/40K/63K(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:27:04+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/japan-standard-flange-dimensions-jis-2k-5k-10k-16k-20k-30k-40k-63k.html

DIN(, JIS, ASME Standards Flange(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:26:31+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/din-jis-asme-standards-flange.html

Flanges are used for connections between pipe ends; Also used for flanges at the inlet and outlet of equipment. Flange connection or flange joint, refers to by the flange, gasket and bolt three people are interconnected as a group of seal structure of detachable connection. Pipe flange refers to the pipe flange in the pipe installation, used in equipment refers to the import and export flange of equipment. There are holes in the flange and the bolts fasten the two flanges together. Gasket between flanges. Flanges are threaded (threaded connection) flanges, welded flange and clamp flange. Flanges are used in pairs. Wire connected flanges can be used for low pressure piping and welded flanges can be used for pressure above 4 kg. Place a gasket between the two flanges and bolt them down. The flange thickness of different pressure is different, they also use different bolts. Pumps and valves, when connected to the pipe, the parts of these equipment are also made into the corresponding flange shape, also known as the flange connection. The connecting parts that are bolted and closed at the periphery of two planes are generally called "flanges".

Flange Standards
There are many different flange standards to be found worldwide. To allow easy functionality and interchangeability, these are designed to have standardised dimensions. Common world standards include ASA/ASME (USA), PN/DIN (European), BS10 (British/Australian), and JIS/KS (Japanese/Korean). In the USA, ANSI stopped publishing B16.5 in 1996, and the standard is ASME B16.5.
The pressure class for DIN flanges would be start from PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63, PN100, PN160 and so on .
The pressure class for JIS flanges would be start from 2K, 5K, 10K, 16K, 20K, 30K, 40K, 63K and so on .
The pressure class for ASME flanges would be start from 150LB, 300LB, 600LB, 900LB, 1500LB, 2500LB and so on .

In most cases these are interchangeable as most local standards have been aligned to ISO standards, however, some local standards still differ (e.g. an ASME flange will not mate against an ISO flange). Further, many of the flanges in each standard are divided into "pressure classes", allowing flanges to be capable of taking different pressure ratings. Again these are not generally interchangeable (e.g. an ASME 150 will not mate with an ASME 300).

These pressure classes also have differing pressure and temperature ratings for different materials. Unique pressure classes for piping can also be developed for a process plant or power generating station; these may be specific to the corporation, engineering procurement and construction (EPC) contractor, or the process plant owner. The ASME pressure classes for Flat-Face flanges are Class 125 and Class 250. The classes for Ring-Joint, Tongue & Groove, and Raised-Face flanges are Class 150, Class 300, (Class 400 - unusual), Class 600, Class 900, Class 1500, and Class 2500.

The flange faces are also made to standardized dimensions and are typically "flat face", "raised face", "tongue and groove", or "ring joint" styles, although other obscure styles are possible.

Flange designs are available as "weld neck", "slip-on", "lap joint", "socket weld", "threaded", and also "blind".

ASME standards (U.S.)

ASME type flange on a gas pipeline
Pipe flanges that are made to standards called out by ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47, and MSS SP-44. They are typically made from forged materials and have machined surfaces. ASME B16.5 refers to nominal pipe sizes (NPS) from ½" to 24". B16.47 covers NPSs from 26" to 60". Each specification further delineates flanges into pressure classes: 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 for B16.5, and B16.47 delineates its flanges into pressure classes 75, 150, 300, 400, 600, 900. However these classes do not correspond to maximum pressures in psi. Instead, the maximum pressure depends on the material of the flange and the temperature. For example, the maximum pressure for a Class 150 flange is 285 psi, and for a Class 300 Flange it is 740 psi (both are for ASTM A105 Carbon Steel and temperatures below 100F).

The gasket type and bolt type are generally specified by the standard(s); however, sometimes the standards refer to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (B&PVC) for details (see ASME Code Section VIII Division 1 – Appendix 2). These flanges are recognized by ASME Pipe Codes such as ASME B31.1 Power Piping, and ASME B31.3 Process Piping.

Materials for flanges are usually under ASME designation: SA-105 (Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications), SA-266 (Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components), or SA-182 (Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service). In addition, there are many "industry standard" flanges that in some circumstance may be used on ASME work.

The product range includes SORF, SOFF, BLRF, BLFF, WNRF (XS, XXS, STD & Schedule 20, 40, 80), WNFF (XS, XXS, STD & Schedule 20, 40, 80), SWRF (XS & STD), SWFF (XS & STD), Threaded RF, Threaded FF & LJ, with sizes from 1/2" to 16". The bolting material used for flange connection is stud bolts mated with two nut (washer when required). In Petrochemical industries, ASTM A193 B7 STUD & ASTM A193 B16 Stud Bolts are used as these have high tensile strength.

European Dimensions (EN / DIN)
Most countries in Europe mainly install flanges according to standard DIN EN 1092-1 (forged Stainless or Steel Flanges). Similar to the ASME flange standard, the EN 1092-1 standard has the basic flange forms, such as weld neck flange, blind flange, lapped flange, threaded Flange (Thread ISO7-1 instead of NPT), weld on collar, pressed collars, and adapter flange such as flange coupling GD press fittings. The different forms of flanges within the EN 1092-1 (European Norm Euronorm) is indicated within the flange name through the type.

Titanium Forged Check Valve, TA2, Class 150 LB, 1-1/2 Inch(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:25:02+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/titanium-forged-check-valve-ta2-class-150-lb-1-1-2-inch.html

Titanium Forged Check Valves TA2, Class 150 LB, 1-1/2 Inch

Applicable Standards:
Steel Check Valves: API 602.
Steel Valves: ASME B16.34.
Face To Face: Manufacturer Standard.
Face To Face, Flanged, ASME B16.10.
End Flanges: ASME B16.5.
Butt Welding Ends: ASME B16.25.
Socket-Welding Ends: ASME B16.11.
Screwed Ends: ASME B1.20.1.
Inspection And Test: API 598.

Design Descriptions:
Bolted Cover.
Seat Rings Integral With Body Of Lift.
Horizontal Or Vertical Service.
Socket-Welding Ends (sw),
Class 150 LB.

Titanium Ti Swing Check Valve, Class 150 LB, 2 Inch(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:24:16+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/titanium-ti-swing-check-valve-class-150-lb-2-inch.html

Titanium Ti Swing Check Valves, Class 150 LB, 2 Inch

Valve Description:
Valve Type: Swing Check Valve
Body Material: Titanium Ti.
Nominal Diameter: 2 Inch
Pressure Rating: Class 150LB
End Connection: RF Flange
Design: ASME B16.34/BS 1868
Face to Face: ASME B16.10
End to End: ASME B16.10
End Flange: ASME B16.5
BW End: ASME B16.25
Test: API 598
Special: NACE MR-01-75

Titanium Ti Swing Check Valve, Class 150 LB, 4 Inch(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:23:40+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/titanium-ti-swing-check-valve-class-150-lb-4-inch.html

Titanium Ti Swing Check Valves, Class 150 LB, 4 Inch

Valve Description:
Valve Type: Swing Check Valve
Body Material: Titanium Ti.
Nominal Diameter: 4 Inch
Pressure Rating: Class 150LB
End Connection: RF Flange
Design: ASME B16.34/BS 1868
Face to Face: ASME B16.10
End to End: ASME B16.10
End Flange: ASME B16.5
BW End: ASME B16.25
Test: API 598
Special: NACE MR-01-75

Titanium Ball Valve with ISO5211 Pad, TA2, DN200, PN16(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:22:56+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/titanium-ball-valve-with-iso5211-pad-ta2-dn200-pn16.html

Titanium Alloy Ball Valve Futures:
Titanium valve not only good corrosion resistance, but also light weight, high mechanical strength.
Titanium valve in the atmosphere, fresh water, sea water, high temperature steam almost no corrosion.
Titanium valve in aqua regia, chlorine water, hypochlorous acid, wet chlorine and other media have a good corrosion resistance.
Titanium valves are also very resistant to corrosion in alkaline media.
Titanium valve has very strong chloride ion (CI) resistance and excellent chloride ion corrosion resistance.
The corrosion resistance of titanium valve in organic acid depends on the size of reducing or oxidizing acid.
Corrosion resistance of titanium valve in reducing acid depends on whether there is corrosion inhibitor in the medium.
Titanium Alloy Material Grades:

ZTA1, ZTA2, ZTA3, ZTA9, ZTA10, ZTC4
TA1, TA2, TA3, TA9, TA10, TC4
Titanium Gr2, Gr3, Gr5, Gr6, Gr7, Gr12
Titanium GrC2, GrC3, GrC5, GrC6, Ti-Pd7B, GrC12
Titanium GrF2, Gr3F, GrF5, GrF6, GrF7, GrF12

904L Ball Valve with ISO5211 Mounting Flange, DN100, PN16(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:22:26+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/904l-ball-valve-with-iso5211-mounting-flange-dn100-pn16.html

Valve Description:
Valve Type: Floating Ball Valve
Body Material: 904L
Nominal Diameter: DN100
Pressure Rating: PN16
End Connection: RF Flange
Working Temperature: -29℃~+200℃.
Operation: Lever.

FEATURE:
ISO 5211 Mounting Flange
Blow-Out-Proof Stem Design
Anti-Static Device

Three Piece Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve (DBB Ball Valve), Class 1500LB(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:21:59+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/three-piece-trunnion-mounted-ball-valve-dbb-ball-valve-class-1500lb.html

Three Piece Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve (DBB Ball Valve)
Sizes range: 2 to 24 inches
Pressure class: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 1500LB
American Petroleum Institute (API) 6D design
Flanged ends, weld ends
Body material: Forged Steel
Full or reduced port
Standard Features
Three piece forged body and end adaptors
Anti Static device
Anti Blowout Stem
Pressure relief valve to avoid cavity overpressure when applicable
Emergency built-in stem and seat sealant injection system
Fire Safe, MR-0175 NACE compliant, Fugitive Emissions compliant.
Valve Functionality
Double Block and Bleed (DB&B)
Double Isolation and Bleed (DIB-1 or DIB-2)
Seat Design Features
Double Piston Effect
Self Relieving
Combination of options available
Design Standards
B16.34
B16.10
B16.5
B16.25
B16.47
Fire Safe
Low Fugitive Emmisions Compliant
CSA Z245.15.2017

Three Piece Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve (DBB Ball Valve), Class 2500LB(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:21:26+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/three-piece-trunnion-mounted-ball-valve-dbb-ball-valve-class-2500lb.html

Three Piece Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve (DBB Ball Valve)
Sizes range: 2 to 12 inches
Pressure class: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 2500LB
American Petroleum Institute (API) 6D design
Flanged ends, weld ends
Body material: Forged Steel
Full or reduced port
Standard Features
Three piece forged body and end adaptors
Anti Static device
Anti Blowout Stem
Pressure relief valve to avoid cavity overpressure when applicable
Emergency built-in stem and seat sealant injection system
Fire Safe, MR-0175 NACE compliant, Fugitive Emissions compliant.
Valve Functionality
Double Block and Bleed (DB&B)
Double Isolation and Bleed (DIB-1 or DIB-2)
Seat Design Features
Double Piston Effect
Self Relieving
Combination of options available
Design Standards
B16.34
B16.10
B16.5
B16.25
B16.47
Fire Safe
Low Fugitive Emmisions Compliant
CSA Z245.15.2017

Low Temp (Cryogenic) Ball Valve with Pneumatic Actuator, Extended Bonnet(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:20:55+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/low-temp-cryogenic-ball-valve-with-pneumatic-actuator-extended-bonnet.html

Low temp (Cryogenic) ball valve is special ball valve for that medium using its temperature from -40 C to -196 C. Cryogenic ball valve with pneumatic actuator can be used as cryogenic fluids, for example liquefied gas(LNG), liquid nitrogen (LN2), liquid oxygen (LOX), and liquid argon (LAr), etc.The pneumatic cryogenic ball valve is exposed to special cryogenic treatment to guarantee the cryogenic performance from the material. When operating in cryogenic conditions, it won't cause deformation and leakage because of temperature changes.The bonnet of cryogenic pneumatic ball valve adopts a extended design structure, and it is purpose would be to safeguard the part from the packing box, so the packing box is situated far from the cryogenic temperature to guarantee the sealing aftereffect of the packing.

SIZE RANGE AND PRESSURE CLASS

Size from 2” to 24” (DN50-DN600)
Pressure from 150LBS to 2500LBS (PN16-PN420)

DESIGN STANDARD

Design / Manufacture as per the standards
API 6D; ASME B16.34; DIN 3357; EN 13709; GB/T12237; BS5351
Face to Face Length (Dimension) as per the standards
ASME B16.10; EN 558-1 Gr. 14 (DIN 3202-F4); DIN 3202-F5; DIN 3202-F7; BS5163
Flange Dimension according to the standards
ASME B16.5; EN 1092-1; BS4504; DIN2501;
Testing according to the standards
API 598; API 6D; EN 12266-1; EN 1074-1; ISO5208

TECHNICAL FEATURES

Forged steel or cast steel body
Split body, side entry design
Floating ball or trunnion mounted
Low Emission Design
Extended Bonnet Design
Insulated Panel Design
Fire Safe Design and Antistatic Design
Cavity Pressure Relief
Reliable Sealing, lip seal ring

Wafer Pattern Ball Valve, PN1.6-2.5 Mpa(2021年12月01日)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:20:05+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/wafer-pattern-ball-valve-pn1-6-2-5-mpa.html

Design Standards:
DIN 2501 / DIN 2526
PN10/16/25, ANSI B16.5, EN 1092-1

Feautres:
Full port, sizes 1/2to 8.
Temperature to 366°F.
Blow out proof stem, adjustable stem packing.
PTFE. seats, packing and thrust washer.
Space-saving design.

Nickel Alloy 20 and Alloy 20 Valves Introduction(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-12-01T16:18:44+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/nickel-alloy-20-and-alloy-20-valves-introduction.html

Nickel Alloy 20 Summary:

Alloy 20 is a nickel-iron-chromium based, austenitic alloy with excellent corrosion resistance in chemical environments containing sulfuric acid and many other aggressive media. This alloy is stabilized with niobium to resist intergranular corrosion. Its corrosion resistance also finds other uses in the chemical, petrochemical, power generation, and plastics industries. Alloy 20 resists pitting and chloride ion corrosion, better than 304 stainless steel and on par with 316L stainless steel. Its copper content protects it from sulfuric acid. Alloy 20 is often chosen to solve stress corrosion cracking problems, which may occur with 316L stainless.

Nickel Alloy 20 Valve Futures:

Alloy 20 steel is a solution for stress corrosion cracking that can occur when stainless steel is introduced to chloride solutions. We supply Alloy 20 steel for a variety of applications and will help in determining the precise amount for your current project. Alloy 20 can be used for a wide variety of applications including control valves, pressure relief valves, and centrifugal pumps. It is composed of carbon, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorous, silicon, and sulfur.

Nickel Alloy 20 Applications:

Although originally designed for use in sulfuric acid related industries, Alloy 20 is now a popular choice for a wide variety of industries including the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and plastics industries. In addition, this superalloy is used in heat exchangers, mixing tanks, metal cleaning and pickling equipment, and piping. Carpenter 20 combines excellent corrosion resistance with elevated mechanical properties and relatively easy fabrication.
Synthetic rubber manufacturing equipment
Processing of pharmaceuticals, plastics and organic and heavy chemicals
Tanks, piping, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, and other process equipment
Acid cleaning and pickling equipment
Chemical process piping, reactor vessels
Bubble caps
Petrochemical process equipment
Food and dye production
Nickel Alloy 20 Material Grades:

Seat Design of Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-11-24T16:41:41+0900

https://www.shinjovalves.com/news-show/seat-design-of-trunnion-mounted-ball-valve.html

Self Relieving Seats (single piston effect)
The single piston effect is the the standard design for trunnion mounted ball valves. Pressure from both upstream and downstream sides pushes the seat rings against the ball. If the force created by the body cavity pressure is greater than the preloaded spring force plus the force created by the pressure from upstream or downstream side, the seats are pushed away from the ball. Thus, any overpressurein the body cavity is released automatically in the valves' fully open or fully closed position.

single-piston-effect.png

Double Piston Effect Seats (DIB-1)
Double piston effect seats are pressure energized in both directions.So the seat rings are always pushed against the ball by the pressure from upstream/ downstream or from the cavity. If the upstream seat fails, the downstream seat can still ensure a tight seal. some pipe pressure testing. Since double piston effect valves do not have the self relieving function, the automatic cavity-pressure relief valve shall be provided, unless otherwise agreed.

double-piston-effect.png

One Self-Relieving Seat and One Double Piston Effective Seat (DIB-2)
If the force created by the body cavity pressure is greater than the preloaded spring force plus the force created by the pressure from pipeline, the cavity pressure releases via the self-relieving seat, the double piston effect seat still functions a tight seal.

API6D Valve configurations, Design, Pressure and temperature rating, Sizes(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-11-04T18:00:25+0900

6.2 Valve configurations

6.2.1 Full-opening valves
Full-opening flanged-end valves shall be unobstructed in the fully opened position and shall have an internal bore as specified in Table 1. There is no restriction on the upper limit of valve bore sizes. Full-opening through-conduit valves shall have a circular bore in the obturator that allows a sphere to pass with a nominal size not less than that specified in Table 1.
Welding-end valves can require a smaller bore at the welding end to mate with the pipe. Valves with a non-circular opening through the obturator shall not be considered full opening.

6.2.2 Reduced-opening valves
Reduced-opening valves with a circular opening through the obturator shall be supplied with a minimum bore as follows, unless otherwise specified: valves ON 300 (NPS 12) and below: one size below nominal size of valve with bore according to Table 1; valves ON 350 (NPS 14) to ON 600 (NPS 24): two sizes below nominal size of valve with bore according to Table 1; valves above ON 600 (NPS 24): by agreement. EXAMPLE A DN 400 (NPS 16) - PN 250 (class 1500) reduced-opening ball valve has a minimum bore of 287 mm. Reduced-opening valves with a non-circular opening through the obturator shall be supplied with a minimum opening by agreement.
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API6D Gate Valve Face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions, Class 150/300/400/600/900/1500/2500 LB(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-11-04T17:59:27+0900

API6D Gate Valve Face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions

Unless otherwise agreed, face-to-face (A) and end-to-end (B and C) dimensions of valves shall be in accordance with Tables 2 to 6; see Figures 1 to 13 for diagrams of dimensions A, Band C.
Face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions for valve sizes not specified in Tables 2 to 6 shall be in accordance with ASME B16.1 O. Face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions not shown in Table 2 to Table 6 or in ASME B 16.10 shall be established by agreement.
The length of valves having one welding end and one flanged end shall be determined by adding half the length of a flanged-end valve to half the length of a welding-end valve.
Tolerances on the face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions shall be ± 2 mm for valve sizes ON 250 (NPS 10) and smaller, and ± 3 mm for valve sizes ON 300 (NPS 12) and larger.
The nominal size and face-to-face or end-to-end dimensions shall be stated on the nameplate if not specified in, or not in accordance with, Tables 2 to 6.
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Titanium Alloy and Titanium Valves Introduction(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-11-04T17:58:57+0900

Titanium Alloy Summary:

Titanium alloys are alloys that contain a mixture of titanium and other chemical elements. Such alloys have very high tensile strength and toughness (even at extreme temperatures). They are light in weight, have extraordinary corrosion resistance and the ability to withstand extreme temperatures. However, the high cost of both raw materials and processing limit their use to military applications, aircraft, spacecraft, bicycles, medical devices, jewelry, highly stressed components such as connecting rods on expensive sports cars and some premium sports equipment and consumer electronics.
Titanium is as strong as steel but much less dense. It is therefore important as an alloying agent with many metals including aluminium, molybdenum and iron. These alloys are mainly used in aircraft, spacecraft and missiles because of their low density and ability to withstand extremes of temperature. They are also used in golf clubs, laptops, bicycles and crutches.
Power plant condensers use titanium pipes because of their resistance to corrosion. Because titanium has excellent resistance to corrosion in seawater, it is used in desalination plants and to protect the hulls of ships, submarines and other structures exposed to seawater.
Titanium metal connects well with bone, so it has found surgical applications such as in joint replacements (especially hip joints) and tooth implants.
The largest use of titanium is in the form of titanium(IV) oxide. It is extensively used as a pigment in house paint, artists’ paint, plastics, enamels and paper. It is a bright white pigment with excellent covering power. It is also a good reflector of infrared radiation and so is used in solar observatories where heat causes poor visibility.
Titanium(IV) oxide is used in sunscreens because it prevents UV light from reaching the skin. Nanoparticles of titanium(IV) oxide appear invisible when applied to the skin.
Titanium Alloy Valve Futures:
Titanium valve not only good corrosion resistance, but also light weight, high mechanical strength.
Titanium valve in the atmosphere, fresh water, sea water, high temperature steam almost no corrosion.
Titanium valve in aqua regia, chlorine water, hypochlorous acid, wet chlorine and other media have a good corrosion resistance.
Titanium valves are also very resistant to corrosion in alkaline media.
Titanium valve has very strong chloride ion (CI) resistance and excellent chloride ion corrosion resistance.
The corrosion resistance of titanium valve in organic acid depends on the size of reducing or oxidizing acid.
Corrosion resistance of titanium valve in reducing acid depends on whether there is corrosion inhibitor in the medium.
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Monel Alloy and Monel Valves Introduction(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-11-04T17:58:25+0900

Monel Alloy Summary:

Monel is a group of nickel alloys, primarily composed of nickel (from 52 to 67%) and copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. Alloys with copper contents 60% or more are called cupronickel. Stronger than pure nickel, Monel alloys are resistant to corrosion by many aggressive agents, including rapidly flowing seawater. They can be fabricated readily by hot- and cold-working, machining, and welding.
Titanium Alloy Futures:

high corrosion resistance to acids and alkalis.
resistance to alkalis.
good ductility (easy to shape and form)
ease of welding, brazing, and soldering
high mechanical strength
availability in different forms like sheets, plates, rods, bars, pipes, and tubes
attractive appearance and finishes.
ability to hold up in high-temperature situations as well as low temperatures
Monel Alloy Valve Applications:

Monel valve refers to both the body and trims(internal parts) of the valve are made of Monel alloys. It is widely used for the alkylation device of the hydrofluoric acid(HF) regeneration column in an oil refinery. Considering the high temperature and high moisture contained, fully Monel valves shall be utilized. Besides, this type of valve can also be used in high-concentration chlor alkaline solution systems. Another type is valves with CS/SS body and Monel trims: in the low-temperature section of a HF acid system, since the carbon steel can withstand anhydrous HF acid at temperatures below 71°C, it is widely selected as the valve body material. However, the valve trim materials shall be Monel alloys to meet the corrosion and erosion resistance requirement within the body cavity. In applications involving ethylene, propylene, liquid oxygen, pure oxygen, and seawater, usually, valves with SS body and Monel trims are chosen. The combination of CS/SS and Monel in valve manufacture may significantly reduce the production cost.
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Hastelloy Alloy and Hastelloy Valves Introduction(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-11-04T17:57:54+0900

Hastelloy Alloy Summary:

Hastelloy alloy is corrosion resistant metal mixtures that are based on nickel. Hastealloys have a unique combination of properties that provide them with significantly stronger corrosion resistance capabilities compared to traditional alloys.The two main hastealloys are nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) and nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr). The key elements that are often combined with nickel and their corresponding percentage concentrations are as follows:
Molybdenum (Mo) - 30%
Chromium (Cr) - 23%
Iron (Fe) - 29%
The corrosion-resistant Hastelloy alloys are widely used by the chemical processing industries. The need for reliable performance leads to their acceptance and growth in the areas of geothermal, solar energy, oil and gas and pharmaceutical. The benefits of Hastelloy process equipment include high resistance to uniform attack, outstanding localized corrosion resistance, excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance, and ease of welding and fabrication.
http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/hastelloy-alloy-and-hastelloy-valves-introduction.html

Inconel Alloy and Inconel Valves Introduction(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-11-04T17:57:23+0900

Inconel Alloy Summary:

Inconel alloys are oxidation-corrosion-resistant materials well suited for service in extreme environments subjected to pressure and heat. When heated, Inconel forms a thick, stable, passivating oxide layer protecting the surface from further attack. Inconel retains strength over a wide temperature range, attractive for high-temperature applications where aluminum and steel would succumb to creep as a result of thermally induced crystal vacancies. Inconel's high-temperature strength is developed by solid solution strengthening or precipitation hardening, depending on the alloy.

Inconel Alloy Futures:

When determining strength, tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and even melt resistance can be measured. Inconel 625 has a high tensile strength range of 103 - 160 ksi compared to the 73.2 ksi of stainless steel and can maintain that strength at higher operating temperatures.

Though exact measurements vary, reported statistics state the range of the Inconel melting point between 2,350°F and 2,460°F (1,290°C and 1,350°C). While the Inconel melting point is lower than that of stainless steel, Inconel 625 is stronger than stainless steel at high temperatures while being more resistant to oxidation and scaling as well.

Inconel is considered a superalloy due to being well suited for extreme pressure and heat environments as well as being corrosion resistant. However, stainless steel alloys are often more suitable for sterile manufacturing or medical applications. A superalloy like Inconel tends to be better for heat treating applications and other high-temperature processes.

Inconel Alloy Valve Applications:
Oil & Gas Extraction
Inconel is ideally used in the oil and gas extraction industries due to its high temperature resistance and oxidation resistant properties. The oil and gas industries need a superalloy metal, like Inconel, that can withstand extreme environments and volatile, corrosive gasses.The superalloy Inconel 625 is especially useful for the processing systems required for natural gas production. Due to Inconel 625’s particularly strong thermal fatigue strength and oxidation resistance, it’s often used for the separation of extracted fluids or in line steel transfer piping.
Heat Treat Applications
Inconel is famously resistant to extreme temperatures, and retains enough tensile strength at high temperatures to continue holding moderate loads (Inconel 625 retains 13.3 ksi tensile strength at 2,000°F). This makes Inconel the ideal basket material for heat treat applications—comparing favorably to stainless steel alloys such as Grade 304, 316, and 330 SS.
Saltwater Applications
Inconel is often used in marine applications because of its extraordinary resistance to sodium chloride (salt) at a variety of temperatures. So, for processes that use salt or factory locations near the ocean, Inconel can be ideal for a parts washing basket. Inconel is considered a superalloy due to being well suited for extreme pressure and heat environments as well as being corrosion resistant. However, stainless steel alloys are often more suitable for sterile manufacturing or medical applications. A superalloy like Inconel tends to be better for heat treating applications and other high-temperature processes.

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Duplex Stainless Steel and Duplex Steel Valves Introduction(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-11-04T17:56:48+0900

Duplex Stainless Steel Summary:

Duplex stainless steels are a family of stainless steels. These are called duplex (or austenitic-ferritic) grades because their metallurgical structure consists of two phases, austenite (face-centered cubic lattice) and ferrite (body centered cubic lattice) in roughly equal proportions. They are designed to provide better corrosion resistance, particularly chloride stress corrosion and chloride pitting corrosion, and higher strength than standard austenitic stainless steels such as Type 304 or 316. The main differences in composition, when compared with an austenitic stainless steel is that the duplex steels have a higher chromium content, 20–28%; higher molybdenum, up to 5%; lower nickel, up to 9% and 0.05–0.50% nitrogen. Both the low nickel content and the high strength (enabling thinner sections to be used) give significant cost benefits. They are therefore used extensively in the offshore oil and gas industry for pipework systems, manifolds, risers, etc.

Duplex Stainless Steel Futures:
Improved Strength
Many duplex grades are as much as two-times stronger than austenitic and ferritic stainless steel grades.
High Toughness and Ductility
Duplex stainless steel is often more formable under pressure than ferritic grades and provides greater toughness. Though they often offer lower values than austenitic steels, the unique structure and characteristics of duplex steel often outweigh any concerns.
High Corrosion Resistance
Depending on the grade in question, duplex stainless steels offer comparable (or better) corrosion resistance as common austenitic grades. For alloys with increased nitrogen, molybdenum, and chromium, steels exhibit high resistance to both crevice corrosion and chloride pitting.
Cost Effectiveness
Duplex stainless steel offers all of the above benefits while requiring lower levels of molybdenum and nickel. This means that it is a lower-cost option than many traditional austenitic grades of stainless steel.The price of duplex alloys is often less volatile than other steel grades making it easier to estimate costs — both at an upfront and lifetime level. The higher strength and corrosion resistance also means that many parts made using duplex stainless can be thinner than their austenitic counterparts providing lower costs.

Duplex Stainless Steel Valve Applications:

Due to their excellent corrosion resistance, increased strength, and affordable pricing, duplex stainless steels are popular in a variety of industries and markets, including:
Offshore and near-shore operations such as oil drilling, desalination, water treatment, and other industrial operations
Chemical and liquid processing
Naval parts and components
Pollution control equipment
Pulp and paper production
Construction
Hot water and brewing tanks
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Nickel Aluminum Bronze Alloy and Nickel Aluminum Bronze Valves Introduction(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-11-04T17:56:17+0900

Nickel Aluminum Bronze Alloy Summary:

Nickel Aluminum Bronze alloys are one of the toughest corrosion resistant of all of the bronze alloys. Nickel Aluminum Bronze Alloys are known for their superior corrosion resistance in seawater and many other chemical environments. The corrosion resistant property relies on the formation of a copper/aluminum oxide film. This film is self-repairing in media containing even low levels of oxygen. Nickel aluminum bronze alloys contain 5 to 11 percent aluminum, as well as additions of iron and nickel for strength. Increasing the aluminum content of bronze results in higher strength. These nickel aluminum bronze alloys are used for bushings, bearings, wear plates, and hydraulic valve components. Nickel aluminum bronze is available in rod, tube, and plate forms.

Nickel Aluminum Bronze Alloy Futures:

Nickel Aluminum Bronze alloys can be considered for service in the following chemicals. Selection must take into account the operational temperature,
concentrations, service conditions, and impurities:

Nickel Aluminum Bronze Alloy Applications:

The various types of nickel aluminum bronze alloys are a popular choice for industrial applications such as landing gear bushings and bearings for the aerospace industry, propeller hubs, wear rings, and hardware for the marine industry, a piping for vertical pump columns, firefighting and fire suppression systems, and seawater lift pumps for the oil and gas industry, hydraulic bushings for earth moving equipment, as well as many other applications. This is due specifically to the addition of nickel which improves the corrosion resistance of the already versatile aluminum bronze alloys. Iron acts as a grain refiner and increases tensile strength without diminishing its excellent ductility and toughness.

Nickel Aluminum Bronze Alloy Material Grades:

C95800
C63000 ASTM B150 HR50 AMS 4640
C95510 ASTM B505 AMS 4880
C63020 ASTM B150 AMS 4590
C95520 ASTM B505 AMS 4890
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Nickel Alloy 20 and Alloy 20 Valves Introduction(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-11-04T17:55:41+0900

Nickel Alloy 20 Summary:

Nickel Alloy 20 Valve Futures:

Nickel Alloy 20 Applications:

Advantages of Diaphragm Pump(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-10-27T16:33:39+0900

Diaphragm pump has so many advantages for handling fluids, please check below for 16 reasons we have come up with.

1. HANDLES A WIDE VARIETY OF FLUIDS WITH HIGH SOLIDS CONTENT:
Handling a wide range of viscosity - both caustic and abrasive, Diaphragm pumps are some of the most versatile pumps in the world. NO close – fitting or rotating parts so liquid with high solid % and/or size of solids can be pumped easily.

2. SELF PRIMING
Design of pump allows for great suction lift even with heavier fluids. In fact, Diaphragm pumps have some of the strongest lift capabilities of any kind of pump made.

3. ABILITY TO RUN DRY
No close fittings or sliding parts are at risk, therefore the pump can operate even when dry without massive damage. It is not recommended to dry run constantly or for long periods, due to the fact that one will consume the diaphragm stroke life, however other than the diaphragm life there is no danger posed to the pump or piping.

4. EXPLOSION-PROOF
Due to the fact that they operate on air they are intrinsically safe and considered explosion-proof when grounded properly and following local code.

5. PUMPING EFFICIENCY REMAINS CONSTANT
There are no rotors, gears, vanes, or pistons, which wear over time and lead to a gradual decline in performance expected of some pumps

6. VARIABLE FLOW RATE AND DISCHARGE PRESSURE
The pumps will run anywhere within their operating range by simply adjusting the air inlet pressure and liquid discharge settings. They are extremely flexible with one pump fitting a broad spectrum of applications.

7. CAN NOT OVERHEAT
Compressed and filtered air, nitrogen or Clean Dry Air are all very cold. With this being the source of power for Diaphragm pumps, they actually cool themselves during operation and won’t overheat.

8. NO MECHANICAL SEALS, COUPLINGS, OR MOTORS
This eliminates much of the maintenance and leaking that is associated with other kinds of pumps. Essentially the Diaphragm pump is a “pump in a box”.

9. SUBMERSIBLE
Provided compatibility, if an air hose is run above the liquid from the exhaust of the pump, then it can be submerged. This adds a tremendous amount of flexibility to the product.

10. PORTABLE
These pumps can be quickly toted to wherever they are needed and whenever they are needed. Again, the Diaphragm pump is one of the most flexible pumps in the world.

11. DEADHEAD
When discharge pressure exceeds air pressure, the pumps will simply come to a stop. The discharge line may be closed with no power consumed, no temperature increases, and without damage or wear. The pump will not damage itself or system piping.

12. SIMPLE INSTALLATION
By simply connecting your air supply line and liquid lines, it is ready to perform. There are no complex controls, fittings or motors to install and operate.

13. HIGH PRESSURE CAPABILITIES
With a 2:1 pump, the Diaphragm pump is capable of producing close to 200 psi discharge pressure. These types of pumps are excellent for filter press applications.

14. NO PRESSURE RELIEF OR BYPASS NEEDED
Due to the fact that discharge pressure cannot exceed air pressure or the pump simply stops, there is no need for pressure relief at the pump. This saves installation expenses and possible operational problems.

15. SHEAR SENSITIVITY
Due to the nature of operation, Diaphragm pumps are an excellent choice for shear sensitive fluids like wine or ink. The pumps will handle the product without transferring heat to the fluid as well.

16. EASILY MAINTAINED & INEXPENSIVE
Shinjo Co provides excellent quality of Diaphragm pumps with 18 months of quality guaranteed and very affordable prices, feel free to send an inquiry to sales@shinjovalve.com
https://www.shinjopump.com/news/advantages-of-diaphragm-pump.html

API6D Valve types(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-10-27T16:32:25+0900

6.1 Valve types

6.1.1 Gate valves
Typical configurations for gate valves with flanged and welding ends are shown, for illustration purposes only, in Figures 1 and 2. Gate valves shall have an obturator that moves in a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow. The gate can be constructed of one piece for slab-gate valves or of two or more pieces for expanding-gate valves. Gate valves shall be provided with a back seat or secondary stem sealing feature in addition to the primary stem seal.
Expanding-gate/rising-stem gate valve
Figure 1 - Expanding-gate/rising-stem gate valve

Siab-gate/through-conduit rising-stem gate valve
Figure 2 - Siab-gate/through-conduit rising-stem gate valve
6.1.2 Lubricated and non-lubricated plug valves
Typical configurations for plug valves with flanged and welding ends are shown, for illustration purposes only, in Figure 3. Plug valves shall have a cylindrical or conical obturator that rotates about an axis perpendicular to the direction of flow.
Plug valve
Figure 3 - Plug valve

6.1.3 Ball valves
Typical configurations for ball valves with flanged or welding ends are shown, for illustration purposes only, in Figures 4, 5 and 6. Ball valves shall have a spherical obturator that rotates on an axis perpendicular to the direction of flow.
Top-entry ball valve
Figure 4 - Top-entry ball valve

Three-piece ball valve
Figure 5 - Three-piece ball valve

Welded-body ball valve
Figure 6 - Welded-body ball valve
6.1.4 Check valves
Typical configurations for check valves are shown, for illustration purposes only, in Figures 7 to 13. Check valves can also be of the wafer, axial flow and lift type. Check valves shall have an obturator which responds automatically to block fluid in one direction.
Reduced-opening swing check valve
Figure 7 - Reduced-opening swing check valve

Full-opening swing check valve
Figure 8 - Full-opening swing check valve

Single-plate wafer-type check valve, long pattern
Figure 9 - Single-plate wafer-type check valve, long pattern

Typical dual-plate wafer-type check valve, long pattern
Figure 10 - Typical dual-plate wafer-type check valve, long pattern

Single-plate wafer-type check valve, short pattern
Figure 11 - Single-plate wafer-type check valve, short pattern

Axial flow check valve
Figure 12 - Axial flow check valve

Piston check valve
Figure 13 - Piston check valve
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API6D Ball Valve Types and Features(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-10-27T16:31:26+0900

What is API 6D valve type? API 6D valves mean they have meet the requirements, including series of tests, such as stem backseat, hydrostatic seat and shell tests. Their valve ends could be welded or flanged. If fluid could be trapped inside the body, then these valves must contain a pressure relief. Their actuators can either be pneumatic, electric, or hydraulic.

1. API 6D Certified
The API 6D is the specification for Pipeline Valves. It is the primary standard based on the ISO 14313 that specifies the requirements of valves and offers suggestions for the design, manufacture, inspecting, and notation of check, ball, plug, and gate valves in pipework systems.

2. Types
API6D Ball valve has three types.
Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve
Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve

Top Entry Ball Valve
Top Entry Ball Valve

Welded Body Ball Valve
Welded Body Ball Valve

(1) Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve API6D API 607
A trunnion ball valve is a quarter-turn valve that has a perforated and fixed ball to manage flow passing through. Its design has an added mechanical anchoring at the top and the bottom of the ball. This trunnion mounted stem takes in the pressure, preventing more friction between the ball and seats. It allows the operating torque to remain low even at high-working pressure.

Available in different options, such as two-piece and three-piece, top entry, various customization offer the best solutions for specific requirements. All in all, their design ensures central positioning even in applications with extreme pressure. Due to their independent-floating spring-loaded seats, a tight seal is guaranteed even at low differential pressures. The bolted body design of the API 6D ball valves provide simpler service and maintenance, making them suitable for above and buried installations.
Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve API6D API 607

(2) Floating Ball Valve API 6D API 607
A floating ball valve is held in position only by adhering to the stem. This causes the ball to sometimes float downstream, allowing it to press against the seat and provide a positive seal. It can ensure a complete media shut-off of process media under critical service conditions.

To suit different service conditions, floating ball valves are in various design options and features. They are equipped with an anti-static device, blow-out proof stem, and a fire-safe design. Based on the service, these ball valves can either have a cast or forged steel body.
Floating Ball Valve API 6D API 607

(3) Double Block and Bleed Ball Valves (DBB Ball Valve)
Efficient in weight and space, a double block and bleed ball valve consists of two isolation ball valves and one bleed valve in a single valve assembly. Hence, it promotes less work during installation and maintenance. This allows the operator to find and control all three valves in a single location.

Its main function is to simultaneously isolate upstream and downstream lines while bleeding the body to maintain stable isolation. As its verified zero leakage, it is suitable for crucial services, such as toxic fluid operations and high-pressure systems.
Double Block and Bleed Ball Valves (DBB Ball Valve)

3. Design Features
Generally, API 6D Valves are equipped with these design features.

(1) Full and Reduced Bore
A full bore means the valve bore or port has a similar diameter with the pipe. It is used in media that contain mixed solids and liquids where flow restrictions could lead to separation of the substances. This could further lead to buildups that will reduce the desired flow in the pipes.

A reduced bore valve has a smaller bore diameter than the pipe it is on. It is lighter compared to a full bore valve and is ideal where weight and cost are important factors. Also, a reduced bore is suitable in services where the pressure drop through the ball valves does not have a significant effect during operations.
Full and Reduced Bore

(2) Fire Safe Design
Fire Safe Design

A. Trunnion Mounted Valves
For trunnion mounted valves, internal leakage prevention is ensured by an O-ring design. When the primary O-ring is damaged by plant fire, the spring-loaded metal seats will come in contact with the ball to shut off fluid flow. This will minimize the leakage of the internal process medium. The secondary graphite seal will also prevent leakage between the seats and valve caps during and after the fire.

The external leakage prevention is double insurance to the fire-safe function. The primary O-ring and secondary graphite gasket will seal possible external leakage between the stem and gland flange, gland flange and body, body and adapter. When the resilient o-ring gets burned out by fire, the secondary graphite gasket seal can still prevent external leakage of the process medium.
Trunnion Mounted Design

B. Floating Ball Valves
When it comes to floating ball valves, they are equipped with a double-proof fire design to ensure safe and efficient operations.

For its internal leakage prevention, when fire damages the primary soft seat seal, the upstream pressure will push the ball downstream against the secondary metal seat lip. This is to shut off the process medium and prevent internal leakage through the valve bore.

All possible external leakage points are made with a primary O-ring seal and secondary graphite packing or gasket seal. These points are found between the stem and body, the body and adapter. Even when fire damages the primary O-ring, the secondary graphite gasket seal will secure the process medium and prevent external leakage.
Floating Ball Design

C. Double Block and Bleed Ball Valves
To help minimize internal leaks in case of accidental fire, when sealing materials are damaged during a fire, the metal seat retainers will connect with the ball to stop fluid flow to control internal leakage, so as to prevent fire. The secondary graphite seal will further help prevent leaks during and after the fire.

While double sealing feature will prevent external leaks from the valve stem area. The O-rings and graphite seal will act as protection against leakage throughout the valve body. Even after an accidental fire has burned down, the o-rings and graphite seal will stay intact to prevent external leakage.

Anti-static Device
A. Trunnion Mounted Valves
For further fireproof safety, an anti-static device is an excellent addition. Anti-static spring-loaded balls are attached between the stem and the bonnet and between the stem and the ball. They will maintain electrical conductivity in all metallic components. The anti-static device will also reduce the static charge on the ball due to friction. It protects the valve from a spark that could ignite the fuel passing through the valve.

B. Floating Ball Valves
Floating ball valve uses a static-conduction spring between the ball and the stem, and the stem and the bonnet. This prevents static electricity, which could lead to igniting flammable process media.

C. Double Block and Bleed Ball Valves
When the valve operates, the friction between the metal ball and soft seat will cause friction and static charge inside the body. This increases the risk of spark and ignition of flammable liquid. The anti-static device produces a ground path and maintains electrical continuity between the valve body, stem, and ball.

(4) Blow-out Proof Stem
An anti-blow out stem contributes to the stability and service life of the valve. It means the stem is isolated from the valve body to prevent the risks of a blowout. The stem is held by stem housing, secured by the body. When there is high pressure on the valve, the stem will be kept in place by the stem housing preventing it from flying off.

4. Operation
(1) How does a Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve Work?
A trunnion mounted ball valve has a sphere-shaped disk to start or stop the flow. This disk has a port, also called a bore in the middle portion. It becomes open and allows liquid flow when the valve is positioned so that the port is in the same angle as the pipeline. When the port is turned 90 degrees, the ball valve will close. This closes the flow path and keeps any substances from passing through.

The anchoring system of the trunnion mounted valve allows it to absorb more pressure from the pipeline. This will prevent excess friction affecting operations as well as the lifespan of the valve. It also comes with an extended stem, making it applicable for both cryogenic and high-temperature applications.

(2) How does a Floating Ball Valve Work?
Similar to other ball valve types, floating ball valve has a spherical disc (ball) to open and shut media flow. It has a compact design, allowing easy and quick operation of the valve.

The ball inside the ball valve, has a hole to allow or obstructs process media flow. When the hole is aligned with the two ends of the valve, media flow goes through freely. But when it is in a different position, like vertical to the valve ends, the passage flow is blocked. In a floating ball valve, the ball is suspended in the flowing media. It is held in position by the compression of the two seats against it.

The shaft is attached at the top of the ball for an open or closed position through a 90-degree movement. The ball receives pressure through the shaft movement, so it is pressed against the ball seats.

(3) How does a Double Block and Bleed Ball Valve Work?
A double block and bleed valve has three valves in one-two isolation valves, usually ball valves, and one drain valve, usually a ball or needle valve. The valves are installed as a manifold or unit to provide positive isolation.

The double block bleed valve is used to prevent fluid flow from getting into an area where there is continued work. This is to keep the fluid or steam in the upstream line from reaching the components in the downstream line of the system. Both of the isolation valves will close completely to secure the bleed flange or cavity. The drain valve will then open to drain the fluid or steam. It can ensures safe working on the depressurized area of the system.

5. Application
(1) Turnnion Mounted Ball Valves
A. Industrial Gas Processing Plants
Generally huge and costly, any mistake could be an eventful expense in the industrial gas process plants. Trunnion mounted ball valves provide accurate flow control, which is essential in these plants. With their tight shutoff feature, they will promote the overall performance, reliability, and safety of the processing plants.

B. LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) Plants
For LNG plants, they also need precise flow control. With environmentally-safe and reliable valves, LNG plants will become compliant with environmental standards. They will also have reduced noise, fugitive emissions, and vibration, thus ensuring smooth and steady operations.

C. Chemical Industry
Offering different ranges of temperature and pressure ratings, trunnion ball valve design is useful in the chemical industry. With a perfect shutoff, trunnion type ball valves are also ideal for handling hazardous media. They are made with special materials, like a stainless steel sealant, for durability and long service life.

D. Hydrocarbon Processing
Trunnion ball valves have AED o-rings, which are suitable for high-pressure gas applications, particularly hydrocarbon processing. Due to these demanding operations, the typical o-rings may suffer damages. AED o-rings are designed for this type of environment, promoting tight sealing with no errors.

(2) Floating Ball Valves
A. Chemical industries
Required positive sealing and zero leakage, chemical industries usually use floating ball valves to guarantee zero leakage. Also, floating ball valves are made from materials with excellent resistance to corrosion and abrasion. This ensures safety, reliability, and longer service life to valves.

B. Oil and Gas Industries
The oil and gas industries involve an array of industrial applications, such as hydrocarbon processing, oil refinement, gas production and more. All of these applications require a positive shut-off. The floating ball valve ensures sealing as it is influenced by the system pressure.

Usually involved high pressures in oil and gas industrial, floating ball valves are equipped with a blow-out proof stem to prevent the stem from flying or blowing out.

C. Food and Beverage Industries
The sterility of operations in Food and Beverage Industries are important. The entire operation of these industries is crucial to their end products. Floating ball valves will provide reliable sealing that guarantees no unnecessary mixing and contamination will happen to the process media.

D. Hydrocarbon Applications
A floating ball valve is designed to meet the requirement of hydrocarbon processing environment. For their media flow, there are some aggressive contaminants causing corrosion and abrasion. Made with durable materials like stainless steel and carbon steel, float ball valves can withstand such conditions.

(3) Double Block and Bleed Ball Valves
A. Oil and Gas Industry
Because the process and transmission of oil and gas require no leakage during the entire operation. Known for preventing any leak, double block and bleed ball valves are widely used in the oil and gas industry.

B. Petrochemical Industry
Chemical stamping and injection require a guarantee that there will be no potential leaks. A DBB valve is helpful in petrochemical applications to control hazardous chemicals and toxic waste. Its interlocking feature will prevent any leakage or mixing of liquid with critical elements.

C. Water Services
For water services near municipalities and waterways, they need crucial isolation to prevent leaks. A DBB ball valve can provide a tight seal to both upstream and downstream lines without being affected by pressure and vibrations. Once leaks are identified, the block valves will close to isolate the spill and prevent further damage
http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/api6d-ball-valve-types-and-features.html

How to choose between conventional safety relief valve and pilot operated safety relief valves(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-08-22T11:28:11+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/how-to-choose-between-conventional-safety-relief-valve-and-pilot-operated-safety-relief-valves.html

Conventional Safety Valve Pilot Operated Safety Valve
(L) Conventional Safety Valve and (R) Pilot Operated Safety Valve
Safety relief valves (PRVs)can be categorized into two primary groups – conventional spring-operated safety valves and pilot operated safety valves (POSVs). This article will showcase the idea of their operation and the pros and cons to consider when selecting which type may be best suited for the application.
conventional spring-operated safety valve
A conventional spring-operated safety valve uses a spring to maintain the PRV closed until the fluid reaches the set pressure. The spring force pushes the valve’s disc against the nozzle seat keeping the valve closed. Fluid pressure exerts an opposing force on the disc. When the fluid pressure force on the disc overcomes the opposing spring force, the disc lifts and the valve automatic to open and relieve pressure to protect the pipeline.
pilot operated safety valves
On the other hand, a pilot operated safety valves uses liquid pressure to maintain the valve closed until set pressure is reached. POSVs consist of a main valve that relieves the required capacity of process media and a pilot valve that controls the main valve. Until set pressure is reached, both the top and bottom of the valve’s piston are exposed to liquid pressure forces. The surface area on top of the piston is larger than the surface area of the bottom of the piston at the nozzle.
Because of the difference in area and pressure being equal, the force on the top of the piston is higher than the force on the piston at the nozzle. Because of that, as liquid pressure increases, the sealing force of the piston increases at the same time. When set pressure is reached, the pilot valve relieves the pressurized fluid from the dome area atop the piston, allowing process pressure at the nozzle to force the piston upward from its seat, which allows the valve to open and relieve pressure in the pipeline.

Conventional spring-operated safety valve is most likely to be the best for the applications that will expose the valve to high temperatures, highly viscous, or dirty services. In smaller sizes they are greatly cheaper to use than POSVs, and most designs will follow standard API 526 center-to-face flange dimensions.

Conventional spring-loaded safety valve may not be the good choice for applications requiring maximum seat tightness / sealing, minimal simmer, or applications with high or variable back pressures. Measures can be taken to mitigate these shortcomings; however they bring limitations of their own. For example, a conventional valve can be constructed with a soft seat to improve sealing, but this will generally introduce temperature limitations. To reduce the effects of back pressure a conventional PRV can be outfitted with a bellows. However, a bellows has lower back pressure tolerance than a POSV and can be more costly to maintain.
Comparison of closing forces
Comparison of closing forces: POSV vs Spring Loaded (Conventional) PRV

The POSV is designed to mitigate many shortcomings of a conventional valve but has its own limitations. POSVs are best suited to applications requiring maximum seat tightness when approaching set pressure, applications with superimposed back pressure and built-up back pressure, and high relieving capacity applications with physical size limitations, to name a few. POSVs can also have set pressure capabilities that go beyond API 526 set pressure limitations associated with conventional PRVs.

What are Pump Housings?(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-08-17T03:15:51+0900

https://www.shinjopump.com/news/what-are-pump-housings.html

Pump housing
A pump is a mechanical tool that gives enough pressure to move the liquid through the system at the desired flow rate. Therefore it is a means to change mechanical work into fluid energy. The pump can be widely classified as a centrifugal pump and positive displacement pump. So far, centrifugal pumps are the most widely used pumps.
Pump housing

What are Pump Housings?

Simply put, the pump housing is a cast component that holds a pump. The pump can be very miniature or massive. But regardless of size, all pumps mainly function by accepting fluid through an inlet and sending it through outlets after increasing the pressure. The housing pump is a casing that attaches all parts consisting of pump work. The pump housing is very important wherever the pump is exposed to elements. A good example where sturdy pump housing is needed is a submersible pump.

The pump housing is one of the most expensive pump parts and must be carefully chosen.

Choosing the right pump housing directly affects reliability and uptime. The pump housing that is disposed of correctly also plays an important role in improving its performance. In many systems, the pump receives a fluid that is very hot or very cold. Therefore, the choice of material is also important.

Casting of Pump Housings

Pump housing contribute to the pump fee to a large level. There are various challenges faced by casting housing pumps. One of the most important challenges is corrosion because of the fluid. While throwing pump housing, the manufacturer must ensure that the pump housing wall is sturdy enough to withstand the pressure and pressure imposed on the pump. Casting manufacturers also need to ensure that the housing casting pump is resistant to corrosion. The pump housing diameter must be large enough to accommodate pumps with enough permits for efficient installation and operation.

Material used for Pump Housings

Ductile cast iron is one of the most popular casting materials for pump housing. However, they can be made from cast iron or gray iron too. Cast iron houses mainly tend to withstand wear very well and need more rare replacement.
Usually, after the manufacturer of casting housing pumps receive CAD images, molds are made from the material needed pump housing thrown into the tolerance needed.

Housing Pump - Testing

Pumps and pump houses undergo a lot of wear because of the nature of these components. Therefore it is important to test these two entities for fatigue, corrosion, and reduction in thickness. There are regular laboratories that carry out the pump housing test.

Types of Safety Valve | Shinjo China(2021年)

shinjovalve — 2021-08-17T02:56:55+0900

http://www.shinjovalve.com/news/types-of-safety-valve-shinjo-china.html

Types of Safety Valves

There are various safety valves available to meet various applications and performance criteria demanded by various industries. Furthermore, national standards determine many types of varied safety valves.

Standard ASME I and ASME VIII standards for boiler applications and vessels and ASME / ANSI PTC 25.3 standards for safety valves and relief valves provide the following definition. These standards set performance characteristics and define various types of safety valves used:

ASME I valve - A safety relief valve conforming to the requirements of Section I of the ASME pressure vessel code for boiler applications which will open within 3% overpressure and close within 4%. It will usually feature two blowdown rings and is identified by a National Board ‘V’ stamp.

ASME VIII valve - A safety relief valve conforming to the requirements of Section VIII of the ASME pressure vessel code for pressure vessel applications which will open within 10% overpressure and close within 7%. Identified by a National Board ‘UV’ stamp.

Low lift safety valve - The actual position of the disc determines the discharge area of the valve.
Full lift safety valve - The discharge area is not determined by the position of the disc.
Full bore safety valve - A safety valve having no protrusions in the bore, and wherein the valve lifts to an extent sufficient for the minimum area at any section, at or below the seat, to become the controlling orifice.
Conventional safety relief valve - The spring housing is vented to the discharge side, hence operational characteristics are directly affected by changes in the backpressure to the valve.
Balanced safety relief valve - A balanced valve incorporates a means of minimizing the effect of backpressure on the operational characteristics of the valve.
Pilot operated pressure relief valve - The major relieving device is combined with, and is controlled by, a self-actuated auxiliary pressure relief device.
Power-actuated safety relief valve - A pressure relief valve in which the major pressure-relieving device is combined with, and controlled by, a device requiring an external source of energy.

The following types of safety valves are defined in the DIN 3320 standard, which relates to safety valves sold in Germany and other parts of Europe:
Standard safety valve - A valve which, following the opening, reaches the degree of lift necessary for the mass flowrate to be discharged within a pressure rise of not more than 10%. (The valve is characterized by a pop-type action and is sometimes known as high lift).
Full lift (Vollhub) safety valve - A safety valve which, after commencement of lift, opens rapidly within a 5% pressure rise up to the full lift as limited by the design. The amount of lift up to the rapid opening (proportional range) shall not be more than 20%.
Directly loaded safety valve - A safety valve in which the opening force underneath the valve disc is opposed by a closing force such as a spring or a weight.
Proportional safety valve - A safety valve that opens more or less steadily in relation to the increase in pressure. Sudden opening within a 10% lift range will not occur without a pressure increase. Following opening within a pressure of not more than 10%, these safety valves achieve the lift necessary for the mass flow to be discharged.
Diaphragm safety valve - A directly loaded safety valve wherein linear moving and rotating elements and springs are protected against the effects of the fluid by a diaphragm
Bellows safety valve - A directly loaded safety valve wherein sliding and (partially or fully) rotating elements and springs are protected against the effects of the fluids by a bellows. The bellows may be of such a design that it compensates for influences of backpressure.
Controlled safety valve - Consists of the main valve and a control device. It also includes direct acting safety valves with supplementary loading in which, until the set pressure is reached, an additional force increases the closing force.
EN ISO 4126 lists the following definitions of types of safety valves:
Safety valve - A safety valve which automatically, without the assistance of any energy other than that of the fluid concerned, discharges a quantity of the fluid so as to prevent a predetermined safe pressure from being exceeded, and which is designed to re-close and prevent further flow of fluid after normal pressure conditions of service have been restored. Note; the valve can be characterized either by pop action (rapid opening) or by opening in proportion (not necessarily linear) to the increase in pressure over the set pressure.
Directly loaded safety valve - A safety valve in which the loading due to the fluid pressure underneath the valve disc is opposed only by a direct mechanical loading device such as weight, lever, and weight, or a spring.
Assisted safety valve - A safety valve which by means of a powered assistance mechanism, may additionally be lifted at a pressure lower than the set pressure and will, even in the event of a failure of the assistance mechanism, comply with all the requirements for safety valves given in the standard.
Supplementary loaded safety valve - A safety valve that has, until the pressure at the inlet to the safety valve reaches the set pressure, an additional force, which increases the sealing force.

Notes; This additional strength (additional burden), which can be provided through foreign resources, is reliably released when the pressure on the safety valve inlet reaches the specified pressure. The amount of additional loading is very regulated that if the additional loading is not released, the safety valve will reach its certified discharge capacity at a pressure which is no greater than 1.1 times the maximum pressure that is permitted to be protected.
Pilot operated safety valve - A safety valve, the operation of which is initiated and controlled by the fluid discharged from a pilot valve, which is itself, a directly loaded safety valve subject to the requirement of the standard.
The following table summarises the performance of different types of safety valves set out by the various standards.

Conventional safety Valves
The common characteristic shared between the definitions of conventional safety valves in the different standards, is that their operational characteristics are affected by any backpressure in the discharge system. It is important to note that the total backpressure is generated from two components; superimposed backpressure and the built-up backpressure:

Superimposed backpressure - The static pressure that exists on the outlet side of a closed valve.
Built-up backpressure - The additional pressure generated on the outlet side when the valve is discharging.
Subsequently, in a conventional safety valve, only the superimposed backpressure will affect the opening characteristic and set value, but the combined backpressure will alter the blowdown characteristic and re-seat value.

Once the valve starts to open, the effects of built-up backpressure also have to be taken into account. For a conventional safety valve with the spring housing vented to the discharge side of the valve.

Therefore, if the back pressure is greater than the overpressure, the valve will tend to close, reducing the flow. This can lead to instability within the system and can result in flutter or chatter of the valve.

In general, if conventional safety valves are used in applications, where there is excessive built-up backpressure, they will not perform as expected. According to the API 520 Recommended Practice Guidelines:
A conventional pressure relief valve should typically not be used when the built-up backpressure is greater than 10% of the set pressure at 10% overpressure. A higher maximum allowable built-up backpressure may be used for overpressure greater than 10%.
The European Standard EN ISO 4126, however, states that the built-up backpressure should be limited to 10% of the set pressure when the valve is discharging at the certified capacity.

For the majority of steam applications, the back pressure can be maintained within these limits by carefully sizing any discharge pipes. This will be discussed in Module 9.4. If, however, it is not feasible to reduce the backpressure, then it may be necessary to use a balanced safety valve.

Balanced safety valves
Balanced safety valves are those that incorporate a means of eliminating the effects of backpressure. There are two basic designs that can be used to achieve this:

Piston-type balanced safety valve.

Bellows type balanced safety valve.

A bellows with an effective area (AB) equivalent to the nozzle seat area (AN) is attached to the upper surface of the disc and to the spindle guide.

The bellows arrangement prevents back pressure acting on the upper side of the disc within the area of the bellows. The disc area extending beyond the bellows and the opposing disc area are equal, and so the forces acting on the disc are balanced, and the backpressure has little effect on the valve opening pressure.

The bellows vent allows air to flow freely in and out of the bellows as they expand or contract.

Bellows failure is an important concern when using a bellows balanced safety valve, as this may affect the set pressure and capacity of the valve. It is important, therefore, that there is some mechanism for detecting any uncharacteristic fluid flow through the bellows vents. In addition, some bellows balanced safety valves include an auxiliary piston that is used to overcome the effects of backpressure in the case of bellows failure. This type of safety valve is usually only used on critical applications in the oil and petrochemical industries.

In addition to reducing the effects of backpressure, the bellows also serve to isolate the spindle guide and the spring from the process fluid, this is important when the fluid is corrosive.

Since balanced pressure relief valves are typically more expensive than their unbalanced counterparts, they are commonly only used where high-pressure manifolds are unavoidable, or in critical applications where a very precise set pressure or blowdown is required.

Pilot operated safety valve
This type of safety valve uses the flowing medium itself, through a pilot valve, to apply the closing force on the safety valve disc. The pilot valve is itself a small safety valve.

There are two basic types of pilot-operated safety valve, namely, the diaphragm and piston type.

The diaphragm type is typically only available for low-pressure applications and it produces a proportional type action, characteristic of relief valves used in liquid systems. They are therefore of little use in steam systems, consequently, they will not be considered in this text.

The piston-type valve consists of the main valve, which uses a piston-shaped closing device (or obturator), and an external pilot valve. Below photo shows a diagram of a typical piston type, pilot-operated safety valve.
Pilot operated safety valve

The piston and seating arrangement incorporated in the main valve is designed so that the bottom area of the piston, exposed to the inlet fluid, is less than the area of the top of the piston. As both ends of the piston are exposed to the fluid at the same pressure, this means that under normal system operating conditions, the closing force, resulting from the larger top area, is greater than the inlet force. The resultant downward force therefore holds the piston firmly on its seat.

If the inlet pressure were to rise, the net closing force on the piston also increases, ensuring that a tight shut-off is continually maintained. However, when the inlet pressure reaches the set pressure, the pilot valve will pop open to release the fluid pressure above the piston. With much less fluid pressure acting on the upper surface of the piston, the inlet pressure generates a net upwards force and the piston will leave its seat. This causes the main valve to pop open, allowing the process fluid to be discharged.

When the inlet pressure has been sufficiently reduced, the pilot valve will reclose, preventing the further release of fluid from the top of the piston, thereby re-establishing the net downward force, and causing the piston to reseat.

Pilot operated safety valves offer good overpressure and blowdown performance (a blowdown of 2% is attainable). For this reason, they are used where a narrow margin is required between the set pressure and the system operating pressure. Pilot operated valves are also available in much larger sizes, making them the preferred type of safety valve for larger capacities.
One of the main concerns with pilot operated safety valves is that the small bore, pilot connecting pipes are susceptible to blockage by foreign matter, or due to the collection of condensate in these pipes. This can lead to the failure of the valve, either in the open or closed position, depending on where the blockage occurs.

Full lift, high lift and low lift safety valves
The terms full lift, high lift and low lift refer to the amount of travel the disc undergoes as it moves from its closed position to the position required to produce the certified discharge capacity, and how this affects the discharge capacity of the valve.

A full lift safety valve is one in which the disc lifts sufficiently, so that the curtain area no longer influences the discharge area. The discharge area, and therefore the capacity of the valve are subsequently determined by the bore area. This occurs when the disc lifts a distance of at least a quarter of the bore diameter. A full lift conventional safety valve is often the best choice for general steam applications.

The disc of a high lift safety valve lifts a distance of at least 1/12th of the bore diameter. This means that the curtain area, and ultimately the position of the disc, determines the discharge area. The discharge capacities of high lift valves tend to be significantly lower than those of full lift valves, and for a given discharge capacity, it is usually possible to select a full lift valve that has a nominal size several times smaller than a corresponding high lift valve, which usually incurs cost advantages.Furthermore, high lift valves tend to be used on compressible fluids where their action is more proportional.

In low lift valves, the disc only lifts a distance of 1/24th of the bore diameter. The discharge area is determined entirely by the position of the disc, and since the disc only lifts a small amount, the capacities tend to be much lower than those of full or high lift valves.

Materials of construction
Except when safety valves are discharging, the only parts that are wetted by the process fluid are the inlet tract (nozzle) and the disc. Since safety valves operate infrequently under normal conditions, all other components can be manufactured from standard materials for most applications. There are however several exceptions, in which case, special materials have to be used, these include:

Cryogenic applications.
Corrosive fluids.
Where contamination of discharged fluid is not permitted.
When the valve discharges into a manifold that contains corrosive media discharged by another valve.
The principal pressure-containing components of safety valves are normally constructed from one of the following materials:
Bronze - Commonly used for small screwed valves for general duty on steam, air and hot water applications (up to 15 bar).
Cast iron - Used extensively for ASME type valves. Its use is typically limited to 17 bar g.
SG iron - Commonly used in European valves and to replace cast iron in higher pressure valves (up to 25 bar g).
Cast steel - Commonly used on higher pressure valves (up to 40 bar g). Process type valves are usually made from a cast steel body with an austenitic full nozzle type construction.
Austenitic stainless steel - Used in food, pharmaceutical or clean steam applications.
For extremely high pressure applications, pressure containing components may be forged or machined from solid.

For all safety valves, it is important that moving parts, particularly the spindle and guides are made from materials that will not easily degrade or corrode. As seats and discs are constantly in contact with the process fluid, they must be able to resist the effects of erosion and corrosion.

For process applications, austenitic stainless steel is commonly used for seats and discs; sometimes they are ‘stellite faced’ for increased durability. For extremely corrosive fluids, nozzles, discs and seats are made from special alloys such as ‘monel’ or ‘hastelloy’.

The spring is a critical element of the safety valve and must provide reliable performance within the required parameters. Standard safety valves will typically use carbon steel for moderate temperatures. Tungsten steel is used for higher temperature, non-corrosive applications, and stainless steel is used for corrosive or clean steam duty. For sour gas and high temperature applications, often special materials such as monel, hastelloy and ‘inconel’ are used.

Safety valve options and accessories
Due to the wide range of applications in which safety valves are used, there are a number of different options available:

Seating material

A key option is the type of seating material used. Metal-to-metal seats, commonly made from stainless steel, are normally used for high temperature applications such as steam. Alternatively, resilient discs can be fixed to either or both of the seating surfaces where tighter shut-off is required, typically for gas or liquid applications. These inserts can be made from a number of different materials, but Viton, nitrile or EPDM are the most common. Soft seal inserts are not generally recommended for steam use.
Seating material

Levers

Standard safety valves are generally fitted with an easing lever, which enables the valve to be lifted manually in order to ensure that it is operational at pressures in excess of 75% of set pressure. This is usually done as part of routine safety checks, or during maintenance to prevent seizing. The fitting of a lever is usually a requirement of national standards and insurance companies for steam and hot water applications. For example, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code states that pressure relief valves must be fitted with a lever if they are to be used on air, water over 60°C, and steam.

A standard or open lever is the simplest type of lever available. It is typically used on applications where a small amount of leakage of the fluid to the atmosphere is acceptable, such as on steam and air systems, (see Figure 9.2.5 (a)).

Where it is not acceptable for the media to escape, a packed lever must be used. This uses a packed gland seal to ensure that the fluid is contained within the cap, (see Figure 9.2.5 (b)).
Safety Valve Levers

For service where a lever is not required, a cap can be used to simply protect the adjustment screw. If used in conjunction with a gasket, it can be used to prevent emissions to the atmosphere, (see Figure 9.2.6).
Test Gag

A test gag (Figure 9.2.7) may be used to prevent the valve from opening at the set pressure during hydraulic testing when commissioning a system. Once tested, the gag screw is removed and replaced with a short blanking plug before the valve is placed in service.

Open and closed bonnets

Unless bellows or diaphragm sealing is used, process fluid will enter the spring housing (or bonnet).

The amount of fluid depends on the particular design of the safety valve. If the emission of this fluid into the atmosphere is acceptable, the spring housing may be vented to the atmosphere – an open bonnet. This is usually advantageous when the safety valve is used on high-temperature fluids or for boiler applications as, otherwise, high temperatures can relax the spring, altering the set pressure of the valve. However, using an open bonnet exposes the valve spring and internals to environmental conditions, which can lead to damage and corrosion of the spring.

When the fluid must be completely contained by the safety valve (and the discharge system), it is necessary to use a closed bonnet, which is not vented to the atmosphere. This type of spring enclosure is almost universally used for small screwed valves and, it is becoming increasingly common on many valve ranges since, particularly on steam, discharge of the fluid could be hazardous to personnel.
Spring housing

Bellows and diaphragm sealing

Some safety valves, most commonly those used for water applications, incorporate a flexible diaphragm or bellows to isolate the safety valve spring and upper chamber from the process fluid, (see Figure 9.2.9).
Diaphargm Sealed Safety Valve

An elastomer bellows or diaphragm is commonly used in hot water or heating applications, whereas a stainless steel one would be used on process applications employing hazardous fluids.