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Ⅰ. What is ethyl methyl ketone

Ethyl methyl ketone is an organic compound, molecular formula for ethyl methyl ketone formula is CH3COCH2CH3, and its molecular weight is 72.11. It is a colorless and transparent liquid with acetone like odor and it is easy to volatilize. It can be mixed with ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform, oil and so on. It is soluble in 4 phr water, but the solubility decreases with the increase of temperature. It can form an azeotropic mixture with water (containing 11.3% water) and the azeotropic point is 73.4 ℃ (containing 88.7% butanone). The relative density (d204) is 0.805, the freezing point is - 86 ℃, and the boiling point is 79.6 ℃. The refractive index (n15d) is 1.3814 and the flash point is 1.1 ℃. It is low toxic and its median lethal dose (rat, oral) is 3300mg/kg. It is inflammable. Vapor can form explosive mixture with air, and the explosion limit is 1.81% - 11.5% (volume). High concentration steam is anesthetic.

Ⅱ. Physical properties of ethyl methyl ketone

Appearance and character: colorless liquid with acetone like odor. Melting point (℃): - 85.9, relative density (water = 1): 0.81, boiling point (℃): 79.6, relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.42, saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 9.49 (20 ℃), heat of combustion (kJ/mol): 2441.8, critical temperature (℃): 260, critical pressure (MPa): 4.40, logarithm of octanol / water partition coefficient: 0.29, flash point (℃): - 9, the maximum explosion limit% (V/V): 11.4, ignition temperature (℃): 404, minimum explosion limit% (V/V): 1.7. Solubility: soluble in water, ethanol, ether, miscible in oil.

Ⅲ. Chemical properties of ethyl methyl ketone
1. Ethyl methyl ketone is prone to various reactions due to its carbonyl group and active hydrogen adjacent to carbonyl group. It condenses with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide to form 3,4-dimethyl-3-hexen-2-one or 3-methyl-3-heptene-5-one. When it is exposed to sunlight for a long time, it produces ethane, acetic acid, condensation products, etc. Diacetyl is formed by oxidation with nitric acid. Acetic acid is formed by oxidation with strong oxidants such as chromic acid. Butanone is relatively stable to heat, and the ketene or methyl ketene can be produced by thermal cracking above 500℃. When it condenses with aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes, high molecular weight ketones, cyclic compounds, ketals and resins are formed. For example, it condenses with formaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form 2-methyl-1-butanol-3-one, and then dehydrates to form methyl isopropenyl ketone.
The organic chemical compound is resinified when exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet light. It condenses with phenol to form 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane. It reacts with aliphatic polyester in the presence of basic catalyst to form β- Diketone. Under the catalysis of acid catalyst, it reacts with anhydride to form acid β- Diketone. It reacts with hydrogen cyanide to produce cyanoethanol. It reacts with ammonia to form keto piperidine derivatives. α- hydrogen atom of Butanone is easily replaced by halogen to form various halogenated ketones. For example, it reacts with chlorine to form 3-chloro-2-butanone. It reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form yellow 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (m.p. 115℃).
2. Stability: stable.
3. Forbidden compounds: strong oxidant, alkali, strong reducing agent.
4. Polymerization hazard: no polymerization.

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