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1. Phthalic anhydride meaning and physical properties of phthalic anhydride
The phthalic anhydride meaning: phthalic anhydride is also known as the phthalic acid anhydride; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid an-hydride; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride; 1,3-isobenzofurandione; 1,3-phthalandione, etc. The phthalic anhydride chemical formula is C8H4O3 and abbreviation is PA. It is a cyclic acid anhydride formed by the dehydration of phthalic acid molecule. It is a white powder or scaly crystalline solid with a specific gravity of 1.527 (4°C). The flash point of pure phthalic anhydride is 152°C, the melting point is 130.8°C, and the boiling point of phthalic anhydride is 284.5°C; It is easy to have phthalic anhydride sublimation, phthalic anhydride solubility in water, hydrolyzed to phthalic acid in hot water, easily soluble in ethanol, benzene and pyridine, and slightly soluble in ether; This product is moderately toxic and can cause asthma: It has been reported that with long-term inhalation, it may bring damage to the reproductive, nervous, liver and kidney systems, as well as irritation to the skin, mucous membranes, especially the cornea. Therefore, necessary protection is needed when touching the product to ensure personal safety.

Phthalic anhydride is a white solid material, with common phthalic anhydride applications in the chemical industry, which is especially used for the manufacture of plasticizers. Both dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate are important plasticizers. Phthalic anhydride and polyols (such as glycerol, pentaerythritol) are polycondensed to form polyarylate resin, which is used in the paint industry; If it is polycondensed with ethylene glycol and unsaturated acid, it generates unsaturated polyester resin, which can be used to make insulating paint and glass fiber reinforced plastic. Phthalic anhydride is also a raw material for the synthesis of benzoic acid and terephthalic acid, and is also used in the synthesis of medicines. Phthalic anhydride can produce hydrolysis, alcoholysis and ammonolysis reactions, and can react with aromatic hydrocarbons to synthesize anthraquinone derivatives. Phthalic anhydride is industrially prepared by the vapor-phase oxidation of naphthalene and air at 350-360°C under the catalysis of the vanadium pentoxide. It can also be prepared by the oxidation of o-xylene with air.
2. The chemical phthalic acid properties
Phthalic anhydride can produce hydrolysis, alcoholysis and ammonolysis reactions, and react with aromatic hydrocarbons to synthesize anthraquinone derivatives. Phthalic anhydride is industrially prepared by the vapor-phase oxidation of naphthalene and air at 350-360°C under the catalysis of vanadium pentoxide. It can also be prepared by the oxidation of o-xylene with air. Phthalic anhydride can be used to take the place of phthalic acid and mainly react with monohydric alcohols to form esters, such as dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate.

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