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https://www.filminer.co/blog/what-is-the-blockchain

Blockchain technology will not only thoroughly change the financial or healthcare industry but also completely change many aspects of business, government and even our personal life. The problem is that there is too much speculation and misunderstanding. It is hoped that everyone can understand the basic knowledge of what blockchains are and how they work, even without a priori necessary technical knowledge.
Basically, a blockchain is a computer file used to store data and information. Like any computer file (including the document you are reading now), it exists in digital storage media, such as a computer hard disk drive. It takes the form of a string of binary 1 and 0, which can be processed by the computer for human reading.

However, blockchains have three attributes. Although they are not unique, putting them together means that their functions are very different from other types of computer files.

1. Blockchain Files Are Distributed

Theoretically, the file containing this article can be simply stored on a computer and accessed through the Internet, no matter how many people want to read it. On the other hand, the blockchain is completely copied on many computers.

This means that there are no people or entities (for example, a company or government) can control the content of a blockchain file. Although people who control the computer that stores the file you are reading can edit it, they can make any changes they like, but the blockchain is not how it played out. A blockchain can be edited only when there is a consensus between the computer networks that store different but the same version of the blockchain. This is due to the second fundamental innovation of the blockchain----cryptography.

2. The Cryptography of Blockchain Files

From "secret writing" in ancient Greek, fundamentally, the data constituting the blockchain is encoded. In order to change the data, or in some cases (depending on the type of blockchain) even read the data, you need to have a private key corresponding to the correct "block" in the chain.

If you have access to the computer where the document you are reading is stored, editing the document becomes simple. However, if this document is stored in a blockchain, you need to input a code to prove that you have the right to make changes. If the code does not match, the change will not be accepted by other copies of the document, which are distributed on many (possibly unlimited) other computers as described above.

3. The fundamental Innovation of Blockchain files is Openness

Blockchain files are public to some extent. This may mean that anyone can access, just like the Bitcoin blockchain, or anyone allowed to view it can access, just like the blockchain deployed within the organization or enterprise for internal use. This means that anyone on the network can monitor changes to files, even if they do not necessarily have editing rights or access to all data in unencrypted form.

Putting all these elements together means that the "Double Spending" problem inherent in previous digital data is solved for the first time. Since computer files (data) can be copied and shared indefinitely, it is usually impossible to use them as a value storage (such as gold, cash or valuable works of Art). Unlike blockchain technology, this leads to its description as an "Internet of Value".

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