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"Look, this green ball is called a larval ball. When it is hung on a tree, pests will mistake the ball for pears and thus may be stuck to the ball. Such balls can help reduce the use of pesticides, thus making the fruit taste better." Professor Yang Yuheng from the College of Plant Protection of Southwest University and Associate Professor Wang Pei from the university's College of Engineering and Technology taught farmers how to manage pear trees in Huangguashan Village in Yongchuan District, Chongqing.

On February 1, Professor Yang Yuheng (middle) from the College of Plant Protection of Southwest University taught farmers how to manage pear trees at an orchard in Huangguashan Village, Nandajie Subdistrict, Yongchuan District. (Photo/Cui Li)

Looking around the orchard, one may find that all fruit trees have been pruned into a V shape. They look clean and neat, but "weeds" are under the trees. Is the orchard not well managed?

"They're not weeds, but bush vetch planted as green manure!" Yang Yuheng explained that bush vetch could reduce the soil nitrogen content and thus reduce weeds. After withering, it can help improve soil fertility. "It is prolific. In a few years, it can occupy all the living space of weeds; by then, there will be no need to weed the orchard! "

Zhang Lunkui, a fruit grower pruning the trees with an electric tool, said: "We should believe in science but not work recklessly. What experts have taught is indeed useful. For example, reasonable pruning can expose fruit trees to sunlight better and help them grow better!"

Experts "take the pulse" of the pear orchard
Huangguashan Village has been known as a "Chinese pear village." Why do these farmers who have been planting pear trees for many years begin to learn new planting techniques?

"Pears planted according to traditional techniques taste not so good and thus are not popular in the market!" According to Wang Pei, in April last year, Yongchuan District contacted Southwest University, hoping to get technical support so that pears of Huangguashan Village could regain their lost market share and achieve the revival of trade.

After a field investigation, experts from Southwest University grasped preliminary information. Relying on the orchard of Xu Xiubo, a "science and technology yard" was established at Huangguashan Village in the following months.

By virtue of the platform resources of Southwest University, the yard has formed a team of 11 authoritative domestic experts from multiple fields, such as plant nutrition, plant protection, soil science, smart agriculture, and agricultural equipment. They will jointly facilitate the green and low-carbon development of the whole industrial chain of pears at Huangguashan Village.

After an in-depth investigation, experts found the reason for the decline in the quality of pears in the village. In the 1990s, the local "golden pears" had a good reputation among consumers from far and near, and the price reached as high as 2.5 yuan per kilogram. Villagers were eager to raise their income, so they applied more chemical fertilizers to make the fruit grow bigger, which increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil and reduced organic matter content. As a result, the pears' taste was not as good as before, and the price was reduced to 1–1.5 yuan per kilogram.

"As the income decreases, some farmers put less effort into managing fruit trees, and the quality of pears becomes worse, forming a vicious circle," said Wang Pei.

Experts promote green production management technologies
To reinforce the confidence of fruit growers, experts carried out a pilot program at Xu Xiubo's pear orchard last year. They cut off all the weak branches of the trees for better growth of the strong branches. In addition, they implemented a series of green production management technologies.

"For example, experts recommended a type of slow-release fertilizer, which can be gradually released at different growth stages of pear trees after an application. That is effective and labor-saving!" Xu Xiubo said that many green technologies had been promoted in local orchards. "I believe the quality of pears in our village will improve to regain their lost reputation!"

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