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Antibiotic production includes microbial fermentation, filtration, extraction and crystallization, refining, and other processes. Effluent from producing antibiotics with grain or molasses as main raw materials mainly comes from high-concentration organic effluent from separation, extraction, refining, and purification processes, such as crystallization liquid, waste mother liquor, washing effluent from seed tanks and fermentation tanks, and cooling water from fermentation tanks. Therefore, this kind of effluent has the following characteristics:

1. High COD Content
COD of antibiotic effluent is generally between 5000 and 80000 mg/l. It mainly includes fermentation residual matrix and nutrients, extraction raffinate from the solvent extraction process, distillation kettle raffinate discharged after solvent recovery, adsorption waste liquid discharged from ion exchange process, fermentation filtrate of insoluble antibiotics in water, and effluent of bacteria-contaminated tank dumping, etc. The concentration of these components is very high. For example, the CODCr concentration of penicillin effluent is 15000～80000mg/L/L, and that of oxytetracycline effluent is 8000 ~ 35000 mg/L.

2. The Concentration of SS in Effluent Is High (500 ~ 25000 mg/L)
SS in antibiotic effluent is mainly the residual culture medium of fermentation and the microbial filaments produced by fermentation. For example, the SS of gentamicin effluent is about 8000mg/L, and that of penicillin effluent is 5000 ~ 23000 mg/L.

3. Complex Composition
Antibiotic effluent contains intermediate metabolites, surfactants, and high-concentration acid, alkali, and organic solvents left in extraction and separation. Its composition is complex, so it is easy to cause pH fluctuation and affect the biochemical effects.

4. Biotoxic Substances
The effluent contains substances that are difficult to degrade by microorganisms and even have an inhibitory effect on microorganisms. When the concentration of some substances reaches a certain level, it will inhibit microorganisms, such as organic or inorganic substances added during fermentation or extraction, residual solvents, antibiotics, and their degradation products discharged during production.

5. High Sulfate Concentration
For example, the sulfate content in streptomycin effluent is about 3000mg/L, and the highest can reach 5500 mg/L. For penicillin, it is more than 5000mg/L.

In addition, antibiotic effluent has the characteristics of high chroma, large fluctuation of pH, and intermittent discharge, which is one of the toxic organic effluents with high treatment cost and difficult treatment.

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