「親のみの承諾」案牽制子供の臓器提供で小児科学会案＜解説＞

(2004年08月25日)

008512004年08月25日朝刊2総合00200688文字日本小児科学会の委員会が24日まとめた見解案は、被虐待児が臓器提供者とされないためのシステムづくりや、小児の脳死判定に関する研究と並んで、小児移植の可能性を探る同学会の条件整備の一環だ。（1面参照）
同学会の議論は現行の臓器移植法を踏まえるとともに、国連の「子どもの権利条約」に明記された、子どもの意見表明権を重視する考えに基づいて進められた。子ども自身の提供の意思を尊重しながら、移植を待つ子どもにも希望を広げようというものだ。
学会が臓器提供できる年齢の引き下げに踏み込んだ背景には、「子どもの臓器提供は親の承諾で構わないではないか」との考えに、子どもの権利に敏感な小児科医の多くが危機感を抱いていることがある。
自民党調査会は最終的に「年齢にかかわらず、本人の拒否がなければ家族の承諾だけでよい」とする法改正案をまとめたが、一時は「15歳未満は親の承諾で」とする案も有力だった。見解案はこの案の再浮上を牽制（けんせい）する狙いがある。
ただ、脳死移植しか助かる道がない小児の心臓病患者の多くは、1～3歳。心臓の大きさが違うため、97年の臓器移植法施行以降も、心臓提供を求めて年間数人ずつ海外へ渡る状況が、続いている。今回の見解案通りに臓器提供できる年齢を引き下げても、問題解決には直結しない。
乳幼児からの移植を実現しようとすれば、子どもに代わり家族が臓器提供を承諾していいかどうかの議論を避けて通れない。
では、脳死などで意思表示ができなくなった大人ではどうか。本人意思か家族だけの承諾かは、子どもだけでなく、すべての人にかかわる臓器提供の根源的問題だ。
（権敬淑）

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by guiguzi
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by guiguzi
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