（観流）脳死移植と死生観 際だつ生へのいとおしさ

(2008年01月10日)

005852008年01月10日朝刊朝刊文化02500921文字茨城県立医療大学助教の海山宏之氏（宗教学）が「臓器移植と死生観」について論考をまとめている。日本で脳死者からの臓器移植がなかなか進まない理由の一つには、死生観との関係があるのでは？ そんな仮説から実施した意識調査がベースになっている。
12の設問に「そう思う」から「そう思わない」までの5段階で選ぶ。無作為抽出で、有効回答数は238。まず脳死移植に賛成かと問うと、「そう思う」「ややそう思う」は計約60％。「どちらとも言えない」は約24％だった。
だが、あとの問いは、なかなか難しい。「提供者の死と引き換えに自分が心臓をもらって生き延びることには、ある種の『後ろめたさ』を感じると思う」「臓器を提供するか否かの判断は、亡くなった本人の意思表示がない場合、家族の意志で決められるようにすべきである」などと続く。
回答を左右する因子を探すため、答えの相関関係を統計学的な手法で分析した。その結果、「移植医療の効率的な普及を図るべきだとする考え」「臓器の摘出・利用への抵抗感」という志向の有無が回答に影響することが確かめられた。
ここまでは海山氏も予想していたが、意外に思う因子が見つかった。次の四つの設問への肯定的な答えとしてくくられるものだ。
自分を認識できなくなることは死と同じ▽よりよく生きることを目指すほうが、より長く生きることを優先する考えより大事▽無理に生命を延ばそうとするのは、自然の摂理に反する▽死後の身体に関する権利は、自分の生前の意志で処遇が決められるべきだ
海山氏は「自分の命の価値を強く主張する思潮が表れているのではないか」と語り、「自分の今ある生や意志をことさら大事にしようという志向」と見る。
因子はほかに、宗教性や利他的精神にかかわるものもある。だがそれ以上に、この志向が回答に影響を与えていたという。
思うに、この意識が積極的な臓器提供に結びつくかもしれないし、自分こそが関心事という態度にとどまるかもしれない。正反対のようだが、どちらも「人生の質を高めたい」「生きる意味を確かめたい」との切実な願いが読み取れる。死生観がゆらぐ時代だからこそ、限られた自分の生への「いとおしさ」が際だつのだろうか。（磯村健太郎）

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