臓器移植法3案、きょう採決 参院、修正A案から順に

(2009年07月13日)

003722009年07月13日朝刊1総合00100893文字臓器移植法の三つの改正案が13日午後、参院本会議で採決される。個人の死生観にかかわるとして、共産党を除く各党は党議拘束をかけない。衆院を通過したA案が可決されれば成立するが、それ以外の場合は衆院での対応が焦点になる。
3案は、（1）「脳死は人の死」を前提に現行の要件を大幅に緩和するA案（2）「臓器移植の場合に限り脳死は人の死」とするA案の修正案（3）子ども脳死臨調の設置を盛り込んだ対案。採決は（2）→（1）→（3）となる予定で、いずれかの案が可決された時点で終了する。着席のまま押しボタンで投票する。
A案が可決されれば成立するが、修正案や対案が可決された場合は、14日以降、衆院で同意や可決を得る必要がある。民主党は13日にも衆院に内閣不信任決議案、参院に首相問責決議案を提出する構えをみせており、改正案の扱いは不透明だ。
臓器移植法は97年10月に施行され、3年をめどに見直すことになっていたが、一度も改正されていない。現在は、脳死になった人からの臓器提供には、本人があらかじめ書面で意思を示してあって、家族もそれを拒否しないことが必要。15歳未満の子どもからの提供は認められていない。
施行以来、脳死からの臓器提供は81例。国内で依然として多くの患者が移植を待っていることや渡航移植を規制する国際的な流れを受け、改正論議が高まった。臓器移植を増やすことに積極的な衆院議員らが今期限りで引退することも議論を後押しした。
本人の意思がなくても臓器を摘出できるようにするA案や修正A案の行方が焦点だ。

■現行法と改正案の違い
脳死の位置づけ
現行法 本人に臓器提供の意思がある場合のみ「人の死」。脳死判定には家族の同意が必要
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… A案 「人の死」が前提。家族に判定拒否権を認める
修正A案 臓器提供の場合だけ「人の死」。家族に判定拒否権を認める
子ども脳死臨調設置法案 現行法と同じ

【図】
臓器移植法改正案の行方

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