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https://www.vxolinearmotion.com/products/ball-screw-and-nut-assembly/

The ball screw nut assembly consists of a screw and a nut, each with matching helical grooves, and balls which roll between these grooves providing the only contact between the nut and the screw. As the screw or nut rotates, the balls are deflected by the deflector into the ball return system of the nut and they travel through the return system to the opposite end of the ball nut in a continuous path. The balls then exit from the ball return system into the ball screw and nut thread raceways continuously to recirculate in a ball screw nut assembly closed circuit.

How Does Ball Nut Assembly Work?
A ball screw works in a similar way to a conventional linear motion control lead screws, but the significant advantage of using a ball screw is that it uses ball bearings running in the helical channel to transmit the load.

In high precision applications, it is often necessary to translate the rotary motion from a motor to linear motion for the payload. One way of achieving this is by using a precision ball screw and miniature ball screw.

Applications Of Ball Screw Nut Assembly
Ball screws are well suited to applications in extreme environments such as high-performance machine tools, or very delicate and sensitive applications including medical devices.

According to ball screw manufacturers, Ball screws are generally suited to applications where the following elements are required:

High Efficiency

Smooth Motion and Operation

High Accuracy

High Precision

Prolonged continuous or high-speed movement

Some specific applications for ball screw assemblies are:
Electric vehicles – the ball screw can be used to replace a common hydraulic system.

Wind turbines – ball screws are used in blade pitch and directional position.

Solar Panels – the ball screws help to provide two or three axis movements.

Hydro Electric Stations – ball screws are used to control gates.

Motorised inspection tables – a ball screw will be used within the mechanism which helps to achieve the desired position of the tables for a given application.

Lithography equipment – ball screws are used within step photolithography machines in microscopic integrated circuits.

Automotive power steering systems – ball screws are used in automatic steering systems.