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https://www.wsxchem.com/resources/what-is-epoxy-hardener-made-of.html
https://www.wsxchem.com/resources/acid-anhydride-curing-agent-guide.html
https://www.wsxchem.com/resources/basic-information-and-properties-of-mthpa.html

1.  The characteristics of acid anhydride curing agent

1) Acid anhydride curing agent also belongs to addition polymerization curing agent.

2) Application fields:

It is mainly used in large-scale casting and other occasions, and has also been widely used in small electrical appliances,especially in weak current aspects, such as the encapsulation of integrated circuits as well as capacitors.

3) Application advantages:
Compared with polyamine curing agent, acid anhydride curing agent has many advantages.

In terms of operating technology, there are mainly the following points:

Low volatility, low toxicity, and low skin irritation;

The mixing amount of epoxy resin is large, the viscosity is low after being mixed with epoxy resin adhesive, and more fillers can be added to modify, which is beneficial to reduce costs;

Long service life and easy operation.

From the perspective of the nature of the cured product, it has following main features:

The shrinkage rate is small due to the low curing reaction;

It has a higher heat distortion temperature, excellent heat resistance, and light color of the cured product;

It has excellent mechanical and electrical properties.

2. Mechanism of action

The curing reaction mechanism of acid anhydrides is divided into two forms according to the presence or absence of accelerators.

1) When there is no accelerator, firstly, the hydroxyl group in the epoxy resin reacts with the acid anhydride, opens the acid anhydride, and then performs the addition polymerization reaction.

2) In the presence of the accelerator, the acid anhydride curing reaction is accelerated by a Lewis base. The accelerator (usually tertiary amine) reacts with the acid anhydride, and the main reactions are:

The accelerator attacks the acid anhydride to generate carboxylate anion;

The accelerator attacks the acid anhydride to generate carboxylate anion;

Oxygen anions react with other acid anhydrides to generate carboxylate anions again.

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