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If there is a clear trend in the field of laser technology, that is the rise of fiber lasers. In high power cutting and welding applications, fiber lasers have been from the high-power CO2 lasers and solid-state lasers to seize a large number of market share. At present, some mainstream fiber laser pointer manufacturers are exploring many new applications to meet more market demand. In high-power fiber lasers, single-mode systems have satisfactory characteristics: they have high brightness, can focus to a few microns to the highest strength. They also have the largest depth of focus, which makes them ideal for remote machining.

Yb (Yb) fiber is a typical main medium for high power single mode fiber lasers. But over a certain threshold, they will show a new effect, the so-called transverse mode instability (TMI). At a particular power level, a high-order mode or even a cladding pattern occurs, where energy is dynamically transferred between these modes and the beam quality is reduced. The beam starts to fluctuate at the output. Since the discovery of TMI, TMI has been observed in various fiber designs from step index fiber to photonic crystal fiber. Only its threshold varies with geometry and doping, but it is roughly estimated that this effect occurs after the output power exceeds 1 kW. At the same time, this effect is combined with the thermal effect inside the fiber, and has a strong correlation with the photo-induced darkening effect. In addition, the sensitivity of fiber blue laser pointer to TMI seems to be affected by the core modal composition.

Step Geometry The geometry of the fiber produces a number of parameters for optimization. The diameter of the core, the size of the pump cladding, and the difference in refractive index between the core and the pump cladding can be adjusted. This tuning depends on the doping concentration, that is, the concentration of Yb ions can be used to control the absorption length of the pumped radiation in the active fiber. Other dopants may be added to reduce the thermal effect and to control the refractive index step.
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