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Integrated effluent treatment equipment has the advantages of convenient management, high working efficiency, low energy consumption, small investment, and small occupied area, which is very suitable for popularization in rural areas. Based on this, this paper briefly analyzes the technology of rural domestic effluent comprehensive treatment equipment. Under the influence of rapid industrial development, China's environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, causing widespread concern in society. Every year, China introduces new environmental protection policies to control different types of pollution sources in cities, thus effectively alleviating urban environmental pollution problems.

Driven by the beautiful countryside's construction concept, China's rural economy has developed rapidly. However, in the process of rural economic development, it is also plagued by environmental problems. Most rural areas lack perfect effluent treatment facilities. Most of the domestic effluent is directly discharged into rivers, which seriously affects the rural ecological environment. Therefore, it is urgent for China to adopt advanced effluent treatment technology to deal with rural domestic effluent. Biodegradability of wastewater refers to the extent to which pollutants contained in wastewater change the chemical structure of pollutants through the life activities of microorganisms, thus changing the chemical and physical properties of pollutants. Biological treatment means that microorganisms maintain their life characteristics by means of organic matter in the effluent, carry out life activities, and realize the removal of pollutants by means of metabolism.

Therefore, it is necessary to determine the content of pollutants in water through experiments and calculations, and then judge whether they can be treated by microorganisms. BOD5 and COD have commonly used water quality indicators. This is a method to realize biochemical evaluation by using the B/C ratio. When the B/C ratio is greater than 0.3, effluent can be treated biochemically. With the increase of the ratio of the two, the feasibility of biochemical treatment increases. In practical microbial treatment, as long as the content of organic matter reaches the specified standard, it is not necessary to completely decompose organic matter into water, nitrate, and carbon dioxide. In the aspect of the integrated equipment process, taking the activated sludge process as an example, the relatively mature processes include the A/O process, A2/O process, and other improved processes. Among them, the A/O denitrification method refers to the anoxic-aerobic method, while the A/O dephosphorization method refers to the anaerobic-aerobic method. With the help of the decomposition of various microorganisms and bacteria, pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter are effectively removed when effluent flows through the corresponding areas. Anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process (A/O for short) is a biological wastewater treatment process composed of anaerobic and aerobic reactions.

After entering the anaerobic tank, the effluent is mixed with the return sludge. In this process, a large amount of BOD in the effluent is absorbed by activated sludge, and phosphorus in sludge is released into the mixture in the form of orthophosphate. After the mixed solution enters the aerobic pool, the organic matter is oxidized and decomposed. The bacteria accumulating phosphorus absorb a large amount of orthophosphate in the mixed solution into the sludge. Because the phosphorus absorption of phosphorus accumulating bacteria in an aerobic environment is far greater than its phosphorus release in an anaerobic environment, the effluent is removed by the anaerobic-aerobic process. The integrated effluent treatment equipment with the A/O process as the main process has the functions of phosphorus removal, nitrogen removal, and organic matter reduction, which can effectively avoid sludge bulking and is extremely simple to operate.

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