Environmental Supervision of American Effluent Treatment Industry

(2021年)

https://www.pharmasources.com/events/cphi-middle-east-africa-2021-2012.html
1. Inlet Water Quality Control

Inlet water quality control is mainly to control the quality of effluent discharged from industrial enterprises. If the inlet water quality is not controlled, the cost of effluent treatment will be affected. American operators of effluent plants control the inlet water quality by themselves. They mainly adopt the following three ways.

1) They install testing equipment such as remote control at the exit of industrial enterprises to test the water quality, so as to make clear the quality of effluent discharged from each factory and make clear the responsible party when the discharge exceeds the standard.

2) There are more pretreatment devices built in the effluent treatment plant, which will also test the water quality before treatment.

3) There are many pumping stations in the effluent treatment plant, which test the water quality of the inlet effluent. Once problems are found, the excessive effluent will be isolated from the ordinary effluent in time. The excessive effluent will be delivered to some preset equipment.

In addition, the issuance of effluent permits also plays a certain role in the control of inlet water quality. There are two types of effluent permits in the United States. One is the permit to discharge into natural waters, which is issued by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. Another kind of permit is issued by the Health Bureau to the pollutant discharge units that discharge effluent into effluent treatment plants. The pollutant discharge permit guarantees the effluent limit and standard that the effluent discharge source should meet within the time limit, which plays a very good role in water quality control. If the effluent discharged by industrial enterprises exceeds the standard, they will pay more fines to the related departments.

2. Outlet Water Quality Supervision

The Clean Water Act, a federal law of the United States, stipulates the water pollutant discharge permit system. Article 402 stipulates that anyone who discharges any pollutants from a point source into the waters of the United States must obtain a permit from the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (hereinafter referred to as NPDES), otherwise, it is illegal. Among them, point sources refer to municipal wastewater treatment facilities, municipal and industrial rainstorm discharge facilities, industrial and commercial discharge facilities, centralized animal husbandry discharge facilities, dredging discharge and fillings entering swamps, etc. Therefore, the final effluent quality of the effluent treatment plant is also restricted by the federal effluent permit system. The discharged water quality needs to meet the requirements of the Clean Water Act.

The American effluent treatment plants have their own laboratories, which are specialized in measuring the effluent quality. The laboratory is directly affiliated to the Health Bureau and forms an independent relationship with the effluent treatment plant. The laboratory regularly tests the effluent quality of the effluent treatment plant and forms a report and submits it to the specific department entrusted by the Environmental Protection Bureau. The department entrusted by the Environmental Protection Bureau issues discharge permits and regularly receives water quality reports from units holding discharge permits.

As a developed country that advocates a free market, the privatization of effluent treatment industry in the United States is very low. From public ownership to private ownership, and then to the coexistence of public and private ownership, it is inseparable from the financial support, good management system, effective cost and price control, and strict environmental supervision of the American government.

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