年表作成・共有サービス - pastport

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At present, China's effluent treatment market is in the stage of rapid development. Therefore, learning from the experience of effluent industry development in other countries, especially the development status of the effluent treatment industry in the United States, will be of great help to broaden the vision of the development and deepen the understanding of the reform of this industry. At present, the operation modes of effluent treatment plants in the United States are divided into the following three types.

1) Public Ownership and Public Management

Most effluent treatment plants in the United States adopt this form. 95% of effluent treatment services are provided by public enterprises. The main reasons are that the public sector strictly controls effluent treatment plants, the profit level of effluent treatment plants is not very high in the United States, and private enterprises have few profit opportunities. Overall, the industry's appeal to private enterprises is limited. Secondly, the investment cost of effluent treatment plants is too high. Private enterprises generally cannot bear huge investment costs, but only the public sector is able to invest. In addition, in order to reduce operating costs, private enterprises will treat effluent according to the minimum drainage standard when running. The public sector usually assumes the operational responsibility to safeguard the public interest.

2) Public Ownership and Private Management

These effluent treatment plants are built by the public sector, entrusted to private enterprises, and supervised by the public sector. In order to maximize profits, effluent treatment plants adopting this form usually have the motivation to increase profits by expanding capital investment or reducing operation and maintenance costs.

3) Private Ownership and Private Management

In the United States, water supply companies mainly operate in this form, while effluent treatment plants rarely use this form. Privatization of effluent treatment plants is not common in America at present. The public sector has been improving its efficiency in recent ten years, so the operational efficiency advantage of privatization is not obvious. The ways to improve the efficiency of the public sector mainly include appropriate layoffs, providing training programs for employees, taking measures to improve the quality of employees, improving the degree of automation of enterprises, and constantly adopting new technologies.

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